摘要
为探究化肥氮减量20%配施生物炭和菜籽饼在贵州黄壤区轮作玉米-白菜生产中的增产增效作用,采用盆栽试验,研究了不施肥(CK)、常规化肥(CF)、化肥氮减量20%配施生物炭(RF+B)、化肥氮减量20%配施菜籽饼(RF+O)及化肥氮减量20%配施生物炭和菜籽饼(RF+BO)对玉米和白菜干物质量、养分吸收量、氮素利用效率及产量的影响。结果表明:3种配施处理中RF+BO处理的总体效果最佳,RF+BO处理能满足玉米和白菜生育期养分的需求,有效提高氮、磷、钾养分的吸收量,与CF处理相比,其玉米氮、磷和钾养分吸收量分别提高27.59%、37.21%和30.34%,白菜氮、磷和钾养分吸收量分别提高26.64%、35.56%和33.44%;RF+BO处理有利于提高玉米和白菜当季氮素利用效率,就氮肥贡献率、农学效率、偏生产力和氮素表观利用率而言,与CF处理相比,玉米季分别提高1.64%、9.88%、8.36%和26.21%,白菜季分别提高2.99%、35.70%、33.71%和31.78%;增产效果显著,玉米和白菜较CF处理分别增产9.72%和39.26%。综上,化肥氮减量20%配施生物炭和菜籽饼可为贵州黄壤区玉米-白菜的化肥减量增效施肥技术提供理论依据。
This study explored the effects of a 20%reduction of chemical fertilizer nitrogen combined with the application of biochar and rapeseed cake on increasing the yield and the synergistic effect in the production of maize-cabbage rotation in the yellow soil area of Guizhou by pot experiment.Five treatments were set up,including no fertilization(CK),conventional chemical fertilizer(CF),20%reduction of chemical fertilizer nitrogen combined with biochar(RF+B),20%reduction of chemical fertilizer nitrogen combined with rapeseed cake(RF+O)and 20%reduction of chemical fertilizer nitrogen combined with biochar and rapeseed cake(RF+BO),and their effects on dry matter mass,nutrient uptake,nitrogen use efficiency,and yields of corn and cabbage were studied.The results showed that the overall effect of RF+BO was the best among the three combined application treatments.The RF+BO treatment could meet the nutrient requirements of maize and cabbage during the growth period and effectively improved the uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium.Compared with the CF treatment,the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in maize and cabbage increased by 27.59%,37.21%,30.34%and 26.64%,35.56%,33.44%,respectively.RF+BO treatment is beneficial to improving the nitrogen use efficiency of maize and cabbage in the current season.Compared with the CF treatment,the contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer,agronomic efficiency,partial productivity and apparent nitrogen use efficiency in the maize season increased by 1.64%,9.88%,8.36%,26.21%,and increased by 2.99%,35.70%,33.71%and 31.78%in the cabbage season,respectively.The yield increase effect was remarkable,and the yields of maize and cabbage increased by 9.72%and 39.26%,respectively,compared with CF treatment.In conclusion,applying biochar and rapeseed cake with a 20%reduction in chemical fertilizer nitrogen can provide a theoretical basis for reducing chemical fertilizer and increasing the efficiency of fertilization technology for maize-cabbage in the yellow soil area of Guizhou.
作者
陈云梅
赵欢
肖厚军
谢婷婷
胡岗
秦松
CHEN Yun-mei;ZHAO Huan;XIAO Hou-jun;XIE Ting-ting;HU Gang;QIN Song(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment(Guizhou),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guiyang Guizhou 550006;Agricultural College of Guizhou University,Guiyang Guizhou 550006)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期115-122,共8页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200705)。
关键词
氮肥减量
生物炭
菜籽饼
玉米-白菜
养分吸收利用
产量
nitrogen fertilizer reduction
biochar
rapeseed cake
maize-cabbage
nutrient absorption and utilization
yield