不同新型包膜尿素对油菜产量、品质及氮肥利用率的综合影响

The comprehensive effects of different coated urea on the yield,quality and nitrogen use efficiency of rape(Brassica napus L.)

研究在当地推荐施氮量的条件下,直播冬油菜生产中一次性基施不同的新型包膜尿素相比分次施用普通尿素的油菜品质、产量、氮肥利用率的综合效益,为长江上游地区直播冬油菜的可持续发展提供科学依据。通过田间试验,设置不施氮,一次性基施控氮尿素、多肽尿素、腐殖酸尿素、聚氨酯尿素、控失尿素、树脂尿素、控释尿素以及普通尿素分次施用,共9个处理,采用主成分分析法对油菜品质进行量化,利用变异系数法对品质、产量、氮肥利用率进行赋权,最后通过TOPSIS法对各处理进行综合效益评价。一次性基施控失尿素和控释尿素相比分次施用普通尿素能显著增产12.5%、10.0%,氮肥利用效率能提升6.3、10.3个百分点;主成分分析法对品质的综合评价得分:聚氨酯尿素>树脂尿素>控释尿素>控失尿素>普通尿素;TOPSIS法综合评价一次性基施控释尿素处理为最优处理。在油菜轻简化施肥中,选择一次性基施控释尿素的品质、产量和氮肥利用率的综合效益最大。

The comprehensive benefits of quality,yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rape between new coated urea in onetime base application and conventional urea in different-time application under the conditions of local recommended nitrogen application rate were studied to provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of direct-seeded winter rape in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.Through field experiment,nine treatments were set up,including zero nitrogen application,one-time base application of nitrogen-controlled urea,polypeptide urea,humic acid urea,polycarbamate urea,loss-controlled urea,resin urea,controlled-release urea and conventional urea in different-time application.The quality of rape was quantified by principal component analysis(PCA),and the quality,yield and nitrogen use efficiency were weighted by coefficient of variation.Then,TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the comprehensive benefits of all treatments.Compared with the different-time application of conventional urea,the one-time application of loss-controlled urea and controlled-release urea significantly increased the yield by 12.5%and 10.0%,and the nitrogen use efficiency increased by 6.3 and 10.3 percentege points,respectively.The comprehensive evaluation score of quality by principal component analysis was as follows:polyurethane urea>resin urea>controlled-release urea>loss-controlled urea>conventional urea;the treatment of disposable controlled-release urea was evaluated comprehensively as the best treatment by TOPSIS method.In the light and simplified fertilization of rape,the comprehensive quality,yield and nitrogen use efficiency of the one-time base application of controlled-release urea have the greatest comprehensive benefits.