控释氮肥替代水溶肥对草莓产量和品质的影响

Effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer replacing water-soluble fertilizer on yield and quality of strawberry

为解决基质栽培条件下草莓肥料投入量大、追肥次数多、劳动力成本投入高等问题,研究以控释氮肥代替水溶肥实现草莓的一次性施肥。以“红颜”草莓为试验材料,以常规优化施肥处理为对照,测定基质栽培条件下优化施肥处理和不同氮用量的控释氮肥处理对草莓产量、品质、经济效益的影响,分析计算最优施氮量。结果表明:与常规优化施肥处理相比,控释氮肥处理的草莓产量提高了7.4%~26.5%,单果重提高了9.1%~33.3%,经济效益增加了7.5%~26.7%,糖度提升了7.7%~31.4%,Vc含量提升了8.8%~14.0%;除控释氮肥氮用量97.50 kg/hm^(2)处理外,氮肥偏生产力和农学效率较常规优化施肥处理也分别提高了26.5%~144.3%和73.7%~222.7%。这说明,控释氮肥替代水溶肥既减少了肥料用量,保证草莓的产量,而且可以实现高产,提高了草莓的经济效益。通过二次曲线拟合控释氮肥施氮量与草莓产量、单果重的关系,得出控释氮肥的最佳推荐用量约为N 60 kg/hm^(2),为实际生产提供参考。综上所述,控释氮肥替代水溶肥提高了草莓的产量,保证了草莓的品质,降低了肥料投入成本,提高了经济效益。综合考虑草莓的产量、单果重、品质、肥料生产力和经济效益,推荐适宜草莓生产的控释氮肥用量约为N 60 kg/hm^(2)。

In order to solve the problems of large amount of strawberry fertilizer input,many times of top dressing and high labor cost under the condition of substrate cultivation,controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer was used instead of water-soluble fertilizer to realize one-time fertilization of strawberry.Taking the“Hongyan”strawberry as the test material and the conventional optimal fertilization treatment as the control,the effects of the optimal fertilization treatment and the controlled-release fertilizer treatment with different nitrogen dosages on the yield,quality and economic benefit of the strawberry under the conditions of substrate cultivation were determined,and the optimal fertilization treatment was analyzed and calculated nitrogen content.The results showed that,compared with conventional optimal fertilization treatment,the controlled-release nitrogen fertilization treatment increased the yield,single fruit weight,economic benefit,sugar content and Vc content by 7.4%~26.5%,9.1%~33.3%,7.5%~26.7%,7.7%~31.4%and 8.8%~14.0%,respectively.Except for the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen dosage 97.50 kg/hm^(2)treatment,partial factor productivity from applied nitrogen,agronomic efficiency of applied nitorgen increased by 26.5%~144.3%,73.7%~222.7%compared with coventional optimal fertilization treatment.In conclusion,the substitution of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for water-soluble fertilizer not only reduced the amount of fertilizer,guaranteed the yield of strawberry,but also achieved high yield,and improved the economic benefit of strawberry.By fitting the relationship between the amount of controlled-release fertilizer and strawberry yield,single fruit weight with quadratic curve,the optimal recommended amount of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer was about N 60 kg/hm^(2),which provided reference for practical production.To sum up,the replacement of water-soluble fertilizer with controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer improves the yield of strawberries,ensures the quality of strawberries,reduces the cost of fertilizer input and improves economic benefits.Considering the yield,single fruit weight,quality,fertilizer productivity and economic benefits of strawberry,the recommended amount of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for strawberry production is about N 60kg/hm^(2).