中国的现代化与小农困境——小农现代命运的三种争论

China′s Modernization and the Dilemma of Smallholder Farmers——Three Debates on the Modern Fate of Smallholder Farmers

围绕小农的现代命运这一经典议题,国内外学者一共有三种不同认识,即“小农衰亡论”“小农合理论”和“小农改造论”。“小农衰亡论”源于小农与现代化矛盾的传统认识,“小农合理论”则意识到了小农具有的独特优势及其对现代化的稳定作用,“小农改造论”是对前两种认识的进一步发展,认为既要肯定小农的合理性,也要对其进行现代改造,使其成为现代经济的重要组成部分。就中国而言,小农在短期内并不会在现代化的过程中趋于消亡,同时也不会完全停留在传统形态,因此“小农改造论”更符合中国的国情。

Around the classical topic of the modern fate of Smallholder Farmers,there are three different understandings:the theory of the decline of Smallholder Farmers,the theory of the rationality of Smallholder Farmers and the theory of transformation of Smallholder Farmers.The first theory originates from the traditional understanding of the contradiction between Smallholder Farmers and modernization.The second theory realizes the unique advantages of Smallholder Farmers and their stabilizing effect on modernization.The last theory is a further development of the first two understandings.It is considered that it is necessary to affirm the rationality of Smallholder Farmers and to transform them into an important part of modern economy.As far as China is concerned,Smallholder Farmers will not die out in the process of modernization in a short period of time,nor will they stay in the traditional form completely,so the theory of transformation of Smallholder Farmers is more in line with China′s national conditions.