松材线虫病疫情精准监测实践与展望

Practice and prospect of precise monitoring of pine wilt disease

监测发现不及时、数据失真失实是40年来我国松材线虫病疫情防控存在的突出问题之一。当前我国已初步构建了以地面巡查为主体、空天无人机和卫星遥感为补充的松材线虫病变色立木天空地立体监测技术体系,并在疫情秋季普查和日常监测中得到有限应用。其中,无人机遥感监测技术已在行业商业化应用,但成本过高;卫星遥感监测技术在大区域宏观观测和疫情数据核实核查方面发挥了重要的服务指导和监管威慑作用,但受制于高分辨率影像资源的紧缺和目视解译的繁重工作量而应用有限。“十四五”我国松材线虫病疫情防控策略和目标对精准监测提出了更高要求。加速推进天空地立体监测技术融合和普及应用,实施好疫情精准监测攻坚行动;以人工智能为方向推进天空地一体化监测技术融合发展,破解基层监测人员短缺和技术落后问题;高度警惕低端重复建设导致的科研资源浪费,强化战略导向和目标引导,加速优化产业链创新平台一体化布局,整合有效资源开展协同攻关。

The lack of timely monitoring,data distortion and inaccuracy is one of the major problems of 40-year China^s prevention and control of pine wilt disease(PWD).At present,China has initially built a space-air-ground integrated technology system for PWD with field investigations as the main part,satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)as supplements.This system has been applied in autumn census and general monitoring of PWD.Among them,UAV monitoring technology has been commercially applied although with a high cost.Satellite remote sensing plays a service guidance and regulatory deterrent role in large-scale observation and verification,however,its application is limited due to the lack of high-resolution image resources and the heavy workload of visual interpretation.The“14th Five-Year Plan”epidemic prevention and control strategy and objectives have higher requirements for precision monitoring,and it is necessary to accelerate the integration and universal application of space-air-ground integrated technology to implement precision monitoring.To achieve this goal,reseashers should focus on the direction of intelligent monitoring,solve the problem of the lack of monitoring workers and lag in technology.Moreover,the waste of scientific resources by low-end duplicate construction must be noticed to strengthen strategic guidance and target guidance,accelerate the optimization of industrial chain innovation platforms,and integrate effective resources to carry out cooperative work.