清代民国宗族社会“女性观戏”现象探赜

The Exploration on the Phenomenon of"the Female Watching Drama"in Patriarchal Society of Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

在传统道德观念的驱使下,清代宗族社会中族规明令禁止宗族女性观戏,并制定了严格的监督和惩戒措施。封建士绅们认为,女性观戏容易受戏曲故事的影响,动“邪僻之思”,出“淫奔之丑”;观戏时“男女杂沓”,有违传统社会的道德风尚;此外,部分秧歌、花鼓等地方小戏,唱词庸俗,甚至有一些色情暗示,有伤社会风化。但实际上,女性观戏之风却屡禁不止。这主要由于戏曲艺术娱乐功能十分明显,包含有丰厚的艺术因子,对传统社会中娱乐生活贫乏的女性具有较大吸引力。同时,女性在观戏过程中,可以突破传统礼教的束缚,成为众人的观赏对象。

Driven by traditional moral values,in the clan society in Qing Dynasty,regulations of the clan banned women from watching traditional Chinese opera,and made strict supervision and punishment measures.The feudal gentry believed that women were easily influenced by the stories of traditional Chinese opera,and they often had"perverse thoughts"and"thoughts of elopement and harlotry".Mixing men and women at the theater violated the moral conventions of traditional society.In addition,part of the yangko,flower drum opera and other local playlet,sang vulgar words,and even some por no graphic implications,which hurted social decency.But actually,the wind that women watched traditional Chinese opera was repeated emergence.That mainly because traditional Chinese opera art had the function of entertainment which was very obvious,included rich artistic factors,had great attraction to the women who were lacking in entertainment in traditional society.Meanwhile,in the process of watching traditional Chinese opera,women could break through the shackles of traditional ethics and became viewers of the crowd.