生产型建筑表皮模组节能性能研究

Experiment Study on the Energy-saving Performance of a Productive Architectural Surface System

在众多的城市可持续发展模式中,生产型城市理论以其独特的转变城市单一消费性为多层次生产属性的理念,成为极具潜力的未来城市可持续发展模式之一。同时,我国城市发展中还面临大量的既有建筑亟待更新改造的迫切问题。对既有建筑进行生产性更新有望实现既有建筑的性能提升,同时也能实现城市的生产性更新,但在建筑本体层面亟待完善相关的理论和实践研究。在这一城市可持续发展背景下,该研究构建了建筑本体层面的单元化的生产型有机建筑表皮单元(PASS),并对其整体的热工性能进行了系统地观测和分析。研究发现,PASS整体保温性能优于中空玻璃双层窗和未敷设保温的190mm空心砌块和240mm多孔砖,在经历了13.5h的36℃温差的持续低温后,其界面热通量稳定在26.52w/m(整体传热系数0.74 w/m·k),超过了普通240mm砖墙的保温效果。在室内外36℃温差条件下,PASS-Antifreesing(生产型单元的冬季正常使用工况)内墙面界面的稳定热通量为18.03w/m^(2)(整体传热系数0.69 w/m·k),分别较外保温多孔砖、外保温空心砌块高11.95w/m、5.62w/m,但却远低于砖墙,仅为240mm砖墙的42.86%。在室内外36℃温差条件下,PASS-Antifreesing能将PASS内的温度稳定在10℃,有效保障了其生产功能。PASS不但是对既有建筑进行生产性更新的可靠措施之一,同时也是提高建筑保温节能性能的有效手段。有关PASS对于建筑室内采光、通风、观景及其生产性能研究有待后续研究完善。

Food,energy and water(FEW)are essential resources for humans and are the sources of the top-three longterm crises facing society.The stable supply of FEW directly affects national security and residents’health and well-being.Cities contain more than half of the world’s population and consume 70%of global energy and 2.4%of the earth’s land area.As a result,FEW systems with extreme dependence on external supply have been formed,which has caused considerable ecological deficits.Productive cities are facing FEW crises and advocating multivariant production.Current policies of green,low-carbon urban renewal impose strict control over large-scale demolition and construction projects.The productive renewal of residential buildings,which account for 60%of urban buildings and consume more than 50%of a city’s energy,has become an efficient way to decrease ecological deficits,solve the three major crises and facilitate carbon neutralization.Productive renewal of existing buildings is expected to improve both the performance of existing buildings and achieve productive urban renewal.However,the primary task is to determine the energy-saving characteristics of architectural ontology and improve research based on relevant theories and experiments.Against this theoretical research background,a model simulation method was used and a productive organic architectural surface system(PASS)with architectural surface units was constructed.The overall thermal performance was observed and analysed by systematic experimental studies.It was found that the overall thermal insulation properties of PASS(completely passive working condition)are superior to those of hollow glass double-layer windows,190 mm hollow blocks without heat insulation,a 240 mm brick wall,and 240 mm porous bricks.After experiencing continuous low temperatures for 13.5 h under an indoor-outdoor temperature difference of 36℃,the thermal flux of the indoor interface was stabilized at 26.52 W/m^(2)(overall heat transfer coefficient=0.74 W/m^(2)·K),which is superior thermal insulation to that of an ordinary 240 mm brick wall.According to further study,given the same temperature difference and similar continuous low-temperature conditions,the stable heat flux of the wall interface in a PASS-anti-freezing(normal service condition in winter)was 18.03 W/m^(2)(the overall heat transfer coefficient was 0.69 W/m^(2)·K).It was 11.95 W/m^(2)and 5.62 W/m^(2)higher than those of external anti-freezing porous bricks and external anti-freezing hollow bricks,but significantly lower than that of a 240 mm brick wall,which was only 42.86%of that of the heat flux.To sum up,the PASS model has comprehensive functions in improving the energysaving performance of envelope structures,providing productive functional spaces,adjusting indoor light and ventilation,and changing architectural appearances.PASS is not only an effective means for the productive renewal of existing buildings but can also significantly improve the thermal insulation and energy-saving performance of the envelope structures of buildings.Meanwhile,PASS-anti-freezing can maintain temperatures in the PASS cavity that are consistently over 10℃in winter,thus effectively enabling the normal development of productive renewal.Studies on the influences of PASS on indoor light,ventilation and productive performance in buildings need to be supplemented by further research.