人本尺度下社区生活圈便利性评估方法研究

A Convenient Method of Evaluating Community Life Circles on the Human-oriented Scale

“以人为核心”的城市建设目标使得“社区生活圈”被日益关注,然而从生活圈范围的划定到生活便利度的评估都存在着笼统、粗略的问题。基于多源大数据,提出了更准确的等时圈划定方法和优化的生活便利度评估方法,并进而提出了通过多层级的生活圈便利度变化态势分析来全面评估人本尺度下生活便利性的方法。以南京市主城区小区为研究对象,分别划定了各小区10、15、20、25、30分钟的社区生活圈范围,并计算不同生活圈范围内的生活便利度指标,最后通过对多层级生活圈下便利度指标变化态势的聚类分析,完成了对这些小区的生活便利性评价分析。分析结果表明,论文所提出的社区生活圈便利性评估方法能够为城市更新提供准确有效的参考。

The"community life circle"is attracting increasing attention due to“human-centred”urban construction objectives.Community life circle refers to the spatial scope around a community,including the daily activities of residents and the spatiotemporal resource set that can meet daily needs.Human-oriented community life circles serve to improve the convenience of daily life.Nevertheless,existing delineations of community life circles and calculations of convenience are too rough to reflect the walking condition in the community life circle.In particular,the convenience of the community life circle within different time ranges and the walking behaviors of different age groups have been ignored..To accurately delineate the scope and cognitive convenience characteristics of urban community life circles,a human-oriented refinement method to evaluate the convenience of community life circles is proposed in this study.It can accurately delineate the scope and cognitive convenience characteristics of urban community life circles,thereby providing suggestions for urban renewal and reconstruction.This method realizes a comprehensive evaluation of the life convenience of urban residents.The proposed method mainly includes a refined delineation of life circles,quantitative calculation of convenience within life circles,and convenience evaluation in a multi-level life cycle.The refined delineation of life circles invokes the Baidu application programming interface(API)through the Python program,acquires daily walking navigation data of real-time visits,and reduces actual walking times and distances.Such life circle division is accurate and the data acquisition is efficient.The proposed method has high applicability to different regions.The method of quantitative calculation of convenience within the life circle reviews the evaluation indexes and evaluation modes used in previous studies.It calculates evaluation indexes quantitatively by various methods,such as walkability and walking decay theory.This improves the convenience evaluation framework of the life circle,builds a more comprehensive evaluation index system,and optimizes the influence weights of different public service facilities.For convenient evaluation of multi-level life circles,the life circle was divided into several levels at 5-min walking intervals and the convenience of multi-level life circles was calculated.The dynamic trends in convenience were acquired through linear regression.Moreover,clustering analysis of dynamic trends in convenience among all communities was carried out using the K-means method.The life convenience of communities was evaluated by interpreting the clustering results and distribution.In this study,communities in the main urban area of Nanjing City were chosen as the research objects.The community life circles in different communities were divided into intervals of 10 min,15 min,20 min,25 min and 30 min.Then,the life convenience indexes in different life circles were calculated.Finally,the life convenience of these communities was evaluated and analysed successfully via clustering analysis of trends in convenience indexes in multi-level life circles.It was found,through comparison,that the convenience evaluation results in single and multi-level time ranges generally showed similar trends.However,the convenience evaluation results of multi-level circles presented more obvious centrality and a cyclic distribution,with different evaluation grading results in local areas.This study also used Tianfuyuan Community and Wudingmen Beixiang Community as study cases,which have obviously different evaluation results.The causes of variation were analysed.According to the results,the proposed method of analysing convenience dynamics in multi-level life cycles can effectively improve evaluation accuracy and better reflect walking differences among different groups.In this way,the life convenience of human-oriented communities can be better evaluated.The research results provide valuable references for urban renewal and development.