试析德国应用技术大学专业人才培养方案的特点——以机械工程本科为例

On Characteristic of Professional Talent Training Program of German Applied Sciences Universities——An Example of Mechanical Engineering

下莱茵应用技术大学机械工程本科专业培养目标、模块化课程结构、模块化教学分析显示,德国应用技术大学专业人才培养方案具有结构固定化可塑性小,培养目标与总培养目标高度一致;以职业能力为核心设置模块化课程;人才培养过程及其质量标准清晰透明;突出实践教学,实践教育体系完善;强调专业教育,通识教育略显不足等特点。我国应用型高校制定专业人才培养方案要体现类型属性,基于职业能力建构课程体系,增强课程内容适切性,教学组织多元化,加大实践教学比重,坚持校企合作,坚持专业教育与通识教育并举。

Taking the undergraduate major of mechanical engineering of Rhine University of applied technology as an example,this paper analyzes the professional talent training scheme of German University of applied technology from three aspects:training objectives,“modular”curriculum structure and“modular”teaching,and comes to the conclusion that the professional talent training scheme of German University of applied technology has fixed structure,little plasticity,and the training objectives are highly consistent with the overall training objectives;set up“modular”courses with professional ability as the core;the personnel training process and its quality standards are clear and transparent;highlight practical teaching and improve the practical education system;emphasis on professional education,general education is slightly insufficient.It also points out that China’s application-oriented universities should reflect the“type”attribute when formulating professional talent training plans,build a curriculum system based on professional ability,enhance the appropriateness of curriculum content,diversify teaching organizations,increase the proportion of practical teaching,adhere to“school enterprise cooperation”,and adhere to the simultaneous development of professional education and general education.