定点形变观测现状及研究进展

Present and Progress of Fixed-Point Deformation Observation

定点形变观测经过半个多世纪的发展,已形成一定规模的观测台网,在地震预测、地震学研究、火山和海啸等监测中得到广泛应用。从定点形变观测台网和观测仪器方面对定点形变观测的发展过程进行了回顾,详细总结了定点形变观测在地震领域的应用现状和研究成果,并介绍了近年来的高采样观测资料应用。在此基础上,讨论了目前定点形变观测在仪器、观测台网和资料应用中存在的主要问题,提出了下一步的发展建议。建议提高观测仪器标准化程度,优化站点布设,深入开展地壳变形、地震前兆机理研究,发展以钻孔观测为主的实际应变探测研究。

With the development of fixed-point deformation monitoring in more than half a century,large scale monitoring networks have been constructed and the observations have been widely used in earthquake prediction,seismological research,and volcanoes and tsunamis monitoring.Firstly,we review the history of fixed-point deformation monitoring from fix-point deformation networks and observation instruments.Secondly,we summarize the application status and research results in the field of seismology.Finally,we introduce the application of high sampling data developed in recent years.On this basis,we discuss the main problems in the application of fixed-point deformation monitoring in instruments,monitoring network and data analysis.The suggestions include the standardization improvement of observation instruments,the optimization of site placement of deep wells along major fractures,and the implementation of interdisciplinary multimethod comprehensive observation.Additionally,the in-depth research on crustal deformation and earthquake precursor mechanism and the strain detection research based on borehole observation should be conducted.