高速公路养护作业区主动安全管理评价

Evaluation Model of Driving Risk Control Based on Active Safety Management in Freeway Work Zones

高速公路养护作业区主动安全管理的目的是采取速度限制或改善作业区布局等管理措施,在发生事故之前进行干预,使驾驶员能及时采取措施,降低事故率。为了探究高速公路养护作业区主动安全管理理念,采用高逼真的驾驶行为模拟系统,设计了二级限速、三级限速、地面标线、语音提示等因素组合下的多组对比实验。通过收集驾驶人心率和车辆行为数据,分析了超速比率、车速变异系数和驾驶负荷在高速公路养护作业区场景中的交通特性,并结合累积分布函数,得到了行车风险控制的安全边界,即当控制效能指数C小于0.3时,行车风险控制效率处于适中或较高状态。实验还采用主观调查问卷,通过问卷结果,分析了行车控制措施的主观有效性,并结合控制效能指数,从主客观安全性角度,综合评价控制措施的有效性。结果表明,驾驶员主观评价与行车风险控制评价模型结果基本一致,三级限速(或二级限速)+语音提示的组合防控对策达到了最佳的行车控制效果。

The purpose of active safety management in freeway work zones is to take some management measures to intervene before accidents occur,so that drivers can take measures in time to reduce the accident rate.In order to explore the concept of active safety management in freeway work zones,this paper uses a highly realistic driving simulation system to design multiple groups of comparative experiments under the combination of factors such as two-level speed limit,three-level speed limit,ground marking and voice prompt.By collecting drivers heart rate and vehicle behavior data,this article analyzed the traffic characteristics of the overspeed ratio,the speed variation coefficient and driving load in freeway work zones,and obtained the risk control of driving safety boundary by combining with the cumulative distribution function,that is when control effectiveness index is less than 0.3,the risk control of driving efficiency will be in a state of moderate or high.Furthermore,the results of subjective questionnaire were used to analyze the subjective effectiveness of the driving control measures.Combined with the control efficiency index,the effectiveness of the control measures was comprehensively evaluated from the perspective of subjective and objective safety.The results show that the subjective evaluation of drivers is basically consistent with the evaluation model of driving risk control,and the combination of three-level speed limit or twolevel speed limit along with voice prompt achieves the best driving control effect.