情绪智力对大学生情境选择过程影响的性别差异

Gender differences in the influence of emotional intelligence on the situation selection among college students

目的考察不同性别下情绪智力(emotional intelligence,EI)对大学生情境选择过程的影响。方法采用情绪智力问卷对成都某大学学生416人进行测查,根据分数高低筛选出高情绪智力(高EI)42人和低情绪智力(低EI)42人作为试验预选被试。排除放弃试验的被试并兼顾男女,选出参加试验的被试共计40人,其中高EI组20人(男性10人,女性10人),低EI组20人(男性10人,女性10人);利用情境图片选择任务,分别记录被试观看情境图片的眼动数据和再次选择情境图片的反应时;采用R语言Bruce R包进行三因素方差分析,如有交互作用再进行事后简单效应分析。结果(1)在情境图片选择前,女性高EI组观看负性情境图片的眼跳幅度显著大于低EI组[(2.79±1.58)°,(2.46±0.85)°,F_((1,36))=7.39,P=0.007];男性高EI组的眼跳幅度小于男性低EI组[(2.00±0.83)°,(2.17±0.85)°,F_((1,36))=6.58,P=0.011]。女性高EI组的眼跳速度显著快于低EI组[(98.93±35.60)°/s,(92.81±20.56)°/s,F_((1,36))=8.39,P=0.004];男性高EI组的眼跳速度显著慢于低EI组[(79.35±18.55)°/s,(85.11±18.53)°/s,F_((1,36))=6.70,P=0.01]。女性高EI组在负性情绪图片的注视时间显著短于低EI组[(2654.7±530.85)ms,(2877.87±205.44)ms,F_((1,36))=30.38,P<0.001];男性高EI组则在正情绪图片的注视时间显著短于低EI组[(2839.74±405.34)ms,(2932.83±228.07)ms,F_((1,36))=9.46,P=0.002]。女性在负性图片的注视数目显著少于男性[(9.43±2.31)个,(10.24±2.05)个,F_((1,36))=21.49,P<0.01]。(2)在选择情境图片时,女性高EI组选择回看正性、中性图片反应时短于低EI组[正性:(726.79±329.12)ms,(924.51±758.34)ms,F_((1,36))=9.07,P=0.003;中性:(783.46±543.54)ms,(962.44±463.57)ms,F_((1,36))=6.23,P=0.013];男性高EI组选择再次回看的反应时间长于低EI组,但仅在观看中性图片时差异有统计学意义[(1092.29±905.52)ms,(871.27±461.68)ms,F_((1,36))=9.07,P=0.002]。结论不同性别情绪智力对情境选择过程的影响不同。女性大学生情绪智力越高,在情境选择中越能更快处理负性情绪信息,并且加工模式越广越分散;男性大学生情绪智力越高,在情境选择过程中越能更快处理正性情绪信息,且加工模式更集中。

Objective To investigate the effect of emotional intelligence(EI)in situation selection among college students under different gender.Methods Using the emotional intelligence scale to test 416 students from an university in Chengdu,and 42 students(high emotional intelligence:high EI)and 42 students(low emotional intelligence:low EI)were selected as preselected subjects according to their scores.A total of 40 subjects,including 20 in the high EI group(10 males and 10 females)and 20 in the low EI group(10 males and 10 females),were selected to participate in the experiment by excluding subjects who gave up the experiment and taking into account both genders.Using the emotion picture selection task,the eye movement data of the subjects watching the situation picture and the reaction time of selecting the situation picture again were recorded respectively.The R language Bruce R package was used for three-factor analysis of variance.If there was interaction effect,the post simple effect analysis was carried out.Results(1)About the eye-movement data before picture selection,the females with higher EI scores had significantly greater saccade amplitude when viewing negative pictures than the females with lower EI scores((2.79±1.58)°,(2.46±0.85)°,F_((1,36))=7.39,P=0.007),and the males with high EI scores had less saccade amplitude when viewing all pictures than the males with low EI scores((2.00±0.83)°,(2.17±0.85)°,F_((1,36))=6.58,P=0.011).The females with high EI scores had a significantly faster saccade velocity than the females with low EI scores((98.93±35.60)°/s,(92.81±20.56)°/s,F_((1,36))=8.39,P=0.004),and the males with high EI scores had a significantly slower saccade velocity than the males with low EI scores((79.35±18.55)°/s,(85.11±18.53)°/s,F_((1,36))=6.70,P=0.01).The females with high EI scores had a significantly shorter fixation duration for negative emotional pictures than the females with low EI scores((2654.7±530.85)ms,(2877.87±205.44)ms,F_((1,36))=30.38,P<0.001),and the males with high EI scores had a significantly shorter fixation duration for positive emotional pictures than the males with low EI scores((2839.74±405.34)ms,(2932.83±228.07)ms,F_((1,36))=9.46,P=0.002).About the fixation number,females gazed at the negative pictures significantly less than males((9.43±2.31),(10.24±2.05),F_((1,36))=21.49,P<0.01).(2)In terms of choice response times,the females with high EI scores chose to look back at positive neutral pictures with shorter reaction times than the females with low EI scores(positive:(726.79±329.12)ms,(924.51±758.34)ms,F_((1,36))=9.07,P=0.003;neutral:(783.46±543.54)ms,(962.44±463.57)ms,F_((1,36))=6.23,P=0.013),and the males with high EI scores chose to look back with longer reaction times than the males with low EI scores,but the difference was only significant when viewing neutral pictures((1092.29±905.52)ms,(871.27±461.68)ms,F_((1,36))=9.07,P=0.002).Conclusion The influence of emotional intelligence on the process of situation selection is different by gender:the higher the emotional intelligence of female college students,the faster they can process negative emotional information in the process of situation selection,and the broader and more dispersed the processing patterns;the higher the emotional intelligence of male college students,the faster they can process positive emotional information in the process of situation selection,and the more concentrated the processing patterns.