业主自治中的决策否决现象:类型及成因

The Vetoes in Decision Making in Property Owners Self-governance:Types and Causes

业主自治的决策过程中,在议程设置、业主票决、合法化以及执行等环节,普遍存在业主决策议题被抛弃、否决或者推迟执行的现象,可称之为业主自治中的决策否决现象。业主决策的每个阶段都会出现“否决玩家”,这些玩家采取主动或被动行为,迫使业主决策无法实现。究其根本原因,在于业主自治中存在大量可以被“否决玩家”利用的制度空间,在缺乏相应的治理制度与治理机制的情况下,各利益主体各行其是,业主自治很容易沦为否决制。要想改变这一局面,必须提供合理的制度供给,清除决策否决现象泛滥的土壤。以“否决玩家”存在的制度空间作为分析中心,探寻了决策否决现象的成因,以期弥补以治理主体为中心的现有体制机制存在的不足。

In the process of decision-making of property owners self-governance,it is a common phenomenon in agenda setting,owners voting,legalization and implementation that owners’ decision issues are abandoned,rejected or postponed,which can be called vetoes in decision-making in owners self-governance. "Veto players" appear at each stage of property owners’ decision-making,who take either active or passive actions and force the property owners unable to realize their decisions.The fundamental reason is that there is much institutional space that can be used by "veto players" in the owners self-governance.In the absence of corresponding governance system and governance mechanism,each stakeholder has his own way,and the owners self-governance is easily reduced to the veto system.To change this situation,we must provide reasonable system,and remove the soil for vetoes in decision making.This paper takes the institutional space of "veto players" as the analysis focus,explores the causes of vetoes in decision-making to make up for the shortcomings of the existing system and mechanism centered on the governance bodies.