城镇有机垃圾热解工艺研究进展

Research Progress in the Pyrolysis Process of Municipal Organic Waste

我国生活垃圾年清运量超过2亿t,并伴有5%~10%的年增长率,其中有机垃圾占比超过60%,是占比最大的成分,亟需科学合理且简易快捷的处理处置方案。从城镇有机垃圾现状入手,总结了常规城镇有机垃圾处理工艺和资源化技术,概述了城镇有机生活垃圾热解原理以及工艺流程。通过对多个相关研究进行归纳,指出了城镇有机垃圾热解工艺研究热点在于优化控制参数来提高目标产物产率,通过动力学研究获得不同条件下的热解特性来为控制参数的优化提供依据,对热解产物的应用研究来提高热解产物品质和应用价值。最后总结了热解工艺应用现状,并针对应用中存在的局限性,建议今后应继续开发出更多符合我国国情的热解反应器,并在特殊有机垃圾组分方面加大研究力度。

The annual amount of domestic waste in our country exceeds two hundred million tons, accompanied by an annual growth rate of 5%~10%. Organic waste accounts for more than 60%, which is the largest component among them. Therefore, a scientific, reasonable and rapid disposal system is eagerly needed to deal with the problems caused by the growth of organic waste. Starting from the current situation of urban organic waste, the conventional urban organic waste treatment process and resource technology were summarized, as well as the pyrolysis principle and process flow of urban organic domestic waste. Based on the summary of several related studies, it was pointed out that the research focus of pyrolysis process of urban organic waste was to optimize the control parameters to improve the yield of target products. The pyrolysis characteristics under different conditions were obtained by kinetic study to provide the basis for the optimization of control parameters, and the application research of pyrolysis products to improve the quality and application value of pyrolysis products. Finally, the application status of pyrolysis process was summarized. In view of the limitations in the application, it was suggested that more pyrolysis reactors should be developed in line with China’s national conditions in the future, and the research on special organic waste components should be strengthened.