论古代小说文学地图元素——空间距离

Space Distance:on the Literary Map Element of Chinese Ancient Novel

文学地图作为文学地理学的“第二语言”,近年来渐受关注。目前文学地图研究多着眼于空间区域,对地图元素如地名、距离、路线等较少论及。古代小说的地名与距离往往真实准确,故可利用古代小说的空间距离,揭示文本中隐含的文学与文化信息。古代小说文学地图的空间距离根据标示方式,可分为显性距离与隐性距离,后者尤能发挥文学地图的视觉化优势;根据相对位置,可分为遥远距离与邻近距离,分别有间阻叙事或助推叙事的文学功能;根据形成原因,可分为自然距离与人为距离,两者的交替对情节走向产生影响。小说作者对距离的不同选择,则反映出作者的地理经验及时代地域特征。

As the “second language” of literary geography,literary map has attracted more attention in recent years.The current research mainly focuses on spatial areas,but less on the map elements such as place names,distances,routes,etc.Many place names and distances in Chinese ancient novels are real and accurate,which can be used to reveal the implicit literary and cultural information in the text.As a literary map element,the distance in ancient novels can be divided into explicit distance and implicit distance according to the way of marking,and the latter can give full play to the visual advantages of literary map.According to the relative position,it can be divided into distant distance and adjacent distance,which have the literary function of obstructing or boosting narration respectively.According to the cause of formation,it can be divided into natural distance and anthropogenic distance,and the alternation of them has an impact on the plot development.Besides,the different choice of distance may reflect the author’s geographical experience and the characteristics of the times or region.