20世纪30年代河北定县农民借贷行为研究

Study on the Farmers’ Borrowing Behavior in Dingxian County,Hebei Province in 1930s

近代乡村的衰落带来农民借贷率上升、贷款利息高问题浮现。即使身为模范县的定县也不能避免乡村衰落的影响,20世纪30年代河北定县农村借贷、负债现象普遍。由于农村缺乏合作金融组织,借贷形式多呈现为放贷人借贷、钱会借贷模式。借贷过程中高利贷存在比率高、借债抵债现象普遍导致农民负债率上升。究其根本,定县农民负债率高源于农村社会网络结构单一,土地资本成为抵押物易于丧失。最终,部分农民面临流入地的改善生活条件的“拉力”驱动而选择流出。

The decline of rural areas in modern China brings about the problems of rising loan rate and high loan interest rate for farmers. Even as a model county,Dingxian county can not avoid the influence of rural decline. In the 1930s,the phenomenon of rural borrowing and debt is common in Dingxian county,Hebei province. Due to the lack of cooperative financial organizations in rural areas,the form of farmers’ borrowing is mostly lenders’ borrowing and money will be borrowed. In the process of borrowing,the high rate of usury and the phenomenon of debt repayment generally lead to the increase of peasant debt rate.Fundamentally,the high debt rate of farmers in Dingxian county results from the unitary structure of rural social network,and the land capital is easy to lose as collateral. Finally,some farmers choose to outflow driven by the "pull" of improving living conditions in the inflow areas.