居有其屋与有效利用协调下宅基地改革研究

Research on Homestead Reform under the Coordination of House Ownership and Effective Utilization

在宅基地“三权分置”改革中,坚持宅基地的集体所有、保障农户居有其屋是改革的基点。解决闲置宅基地问题、实现有效利用是宅基地“三权分置”改革的目标。在居有其屋与有效利用协调下,宅基地资格权实为法律层面的宅基地使用权,其与特定农户身份密切结合,发挥着保障农户居有其屋的作用,实现宅基地资源的市场化,必须以资格权禁止流转为前提;次级宅基地使用权可以看作是宅基地使用权人流转宅基地时为第三方设定的权利,法律属性为债权,旨在实现宅基地的有效利用。非市场化的宅基地资格权和市场化的次级宅基地使用权在宅基地改革中如同鸟之双翼,促进宅基地居有其屋和有效利用的协调,助力乡村振兴。

Collective ownership of homestead and protection of house ownership are prerequisites for the reform of "separation of three rights" of homestead. To solve the problem of idle of homestead and realize the effective utilization of homestead is the goal of the reform of "separation of three rights" of homestead. Under the coordination of house ownership and effective utilization,the right of homestead qualification is the right to use homestead,which is closely combined with the identity of specific farmers,and plays a role of protecting farmers’ home ownership. The premise of the market-oriented allocation of the homestead is to prohibit the transfer of homestead qualification right;the secondary right to use the homestead is the right of the third party when the homestead user transfer the homestead,which aims to realize the effective use of homestead. In the reform of homestead,the non market-oriented qualification right of homestead and the market-oriented secondary right to use the homestead are like the wings of a bird in the homestead reform,so as to realize the coordination between housing ownership and effective utilization of homestead,and help rural revitalization.