性别视角下社会工作介入农村困境留守妇女的策略

Strategies of Social Work Intervention in the Plight of Rural Left behind Women from a Gender Perspective

改革开放以来,“打工潮”导致大量农村男性劳动力向城市转移,出现了一系列留守妇女问题。从生产机制上,部分农村留守妇女面对照抚重责、疾病困扰和婚姻危机等多重并长期存在的困境。从再生产机制上,由于中国传统文化对男女的不同期待,使得男女在接受教育时存在差别,加之城乡二元体制和劳动力市场对女性的不平等,导致农村留守妇女的困境:在家庭内部资源的分配倾向于男性、婚姻功能的不健全和劳动力市场不平等的分工模式等方面。困境留守妇女的问题是实现乡村振兴需要重点解决的问题之一,而社会工作作为一种以问题为导向的社会治理工具,通过社会工作中心理社会治疗模式能够对当前社会结构和留守女性的传统文化观念进行介入,有效提高留守妇女的社会地位和家庭话语权,促进社会平衡。

Since the reform and opening up,the "tide of working" has led to the transfer of a large number of rural male labor forces to cities,resulting in a series of left behind women’s problems. In terms of production mechanism,some rural left behind women face multiple and long-standing difficulties,such as heavy responsibility for care,disease distress and marriage crisis. In terms of reproduction mechanism,due to the different expectations of Chinese traditional culture for men and women,there are differences between men and women in receiving education. In addition,the urban-rural dual system and the inequality of women in the labor market lead to the plight of rural left behind women: the distribution of resources within the family is inclined to men of the imperfect function of marriage reduces the sense of happiness and the unequal division of labor model in the labor market. The plight of left behind women is one of the key problems to be solved in rural revitalization. As a problem oriented social governance tool,social work can intervene in the current social structure and the traditional cultural concepts of left behind women through the psychosocial treatment model in social work,effectively improve the social status and family voice of left behind women,and promote social balance.