电信网络诈骗中帮助行为定性的困境与突破——基于232份刑事判决书的分析

Plight and Breakthrough in How to Define Assisting behaviors of Telecoms Fraud——Based on Analysis of 232 Criminal Judgments

在电信网络诈骗的刑事治理工作中,需要反思目前的打击现状来推进治理工作的进一步发展。通过对232份样本案件的刑事判决书分析发现,司法实践中存在直接根据行为的帮助属性来认定行为主体构成从犯的审判倾向。在我国刑法采取的以行为作用与行为性质两种区分标准双向并行的共同犯罪构成体制下,这种认定倾向欠缺理论根据,会导致在共同犯罪中实际起到主要作用的犯罪主体逃脱其应当承担的刑事责任,不利于预防目的的达成。除此之外,提供支付结算等工具并帮助转移资金的帮助行为在刑事审判中也陷入在帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪与掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得(收益)罪之间无法区分的窠臼中。对此,可以通过将帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪中的“支付结算”目的性限缩解释为“提供支付结算的工具”,以此达到与直接侵犯被害人财产性法益的掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得(收益)罪相区分的目的。

In the process of criminal governance of telecoms fraud,it is necessary for us to reflect on the current situation of combating the crime in order to further the governance.Through the analysis of 232 judicial precedents,the writer finds that in judicial practice there exists a sentencing tendency that to identify an accessory mainly depends on his or her assisting behavior.The Chinese criminal law adopts the two-way parallel crime constitution system to judge whether he or she is a criminal by distinguishing between the role of behavior and the nature of behavior,but this kind of identification lacks theoretical basis,which will contribute to the fact that the criminal subject who actually plays a major role in the joint crime may evade his or her criminal obligations.It is not conducive to the attainment of the preventive goal.Therefore,the acts of providing payment and settlement tools and helping to transfer funds have also fallen into the plight of failure to distinguish the crime of assisting Internet criminal activities from the crime of concealing the revenues in criminal trials.Thus,the purpose of "payment and settlement" in the crime of assisting Internet crime can be interpreted as "providing tools for payment and settlement",so as to distinguish the crime of directly infringing upon the victim’s legal property right from the crime of concealing the criminal revenues.