自噬在病毒感染中的双重作用

Dual role of autophagy in viral infection

自噬是一种保守的、多蛋白参与的细胞固有机制。细胞通过自噬将胞质物质运送到溶酶体中进行降解,以确保细胞内畸形/衰老细胞器的更新和营养物质循环来维持细胞内稳态。自噬也是一种重要的细胞内防御机制,通过靶向病毒颗粒或病毒成分进行降解来对抗病毒入侵,它还可以促进病毒成分与先天免疫通路相互作用从而刺激干扰素的产生,甚至能够利用自噬体膜或自噬小体进行自身复制。为了应对这样的压力,病毒进化出各种复杂的策略来拮抗自噬的抗病毒效应。本文旨在概括自噬在抗病毒免疫中的作用以及病毒调控自噬的具体机制,并简要介绍自噬相关疾病和治疗药物的研究进展。

Autophagy is a conserved,inherent cellular mechanism involving various proteins,which transports cytoplasmic material to the lysosome for degradation.It maintains cell homeostasis by ensuring the renewal of abnormal/senescent organelles and the circulation of nutrients.Autophagy is also an important intracellular defense mechanism.It blocks virus invasion by targeting viral particles or viral components for degradation.It can also promote the interaction of viral components with receptors in the innate immune pathway to stimulate the production of interferon,and even can utilize the autophagosome membrane or autophagosome for self-replication.In order to cope with such pressure,viruses have evolved various complex strategies to antagonize the antiviral effects of the autophagy.This review aims to summarize the role of autophagy in antiviral immunity and the specific mechanism of virus regulating autophagy.It also briefly introduces the research progress in autophagy-related diseases and therapeutic drugs.