南宋初期陈元光敕封探究

Exploration of Chen Yuanguang’s Imperial Title in the Early Southern Song Dynasty

南宋初期,朝廷面临着国家治理困境,福建地方社会也颇为动荡,而此时的神灵敕封制度进一步完善。在此历史背景下,唐初平乱建漳的将领陈元光,多次得到朝廷敕封,成为南宋最显赫的福建地方神灵之一。陈元光之所以能在福建众多地方神灵中脱颖而出,得到南宋朝廷的青睐,主要在于其生前平乱功绩累累,死后灵验神迹不断,以及漳州地方士绅对其形象的塑造,使其特别契合朝廷地方社会治理的需求。以陈元光为代表的神灵敕封,是宋廷借助地方神祇的威灵,解决地方治理问题、加强国家治理的措施,其本质是国家权力对地方秩序的构建与控制。

At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial court faced the dilemma of national governance, and the local society in Fujian was also quite turbulent, and the system of apotheosizing at this time was further improved. In this historical background, Chen Yuanguang, the general of the early Tang Dynasty, who suppressed the rebellion and establish the Zhangzhou, was repeatedly enfeoffed by the imperial court and became one of the most prominent local gods in Fujian in the Southern Song Dynasty. The reason why Chen Yuanguang was able to stand out among the many local gods in Fujian and gain the favor of the Southern Song Dynasty court was mainly because of his many achievements in quelling chaos during his lifetime, the continuous miracles after his death, and the shaping of his image by the local gentry in Zhangzhou, which made it particularly suitable for the needs of local social governance of the imperial court. The apotheosizing of the gods represented by Chen Yuanguang is a measure taken by the Song court to solve local governance problems and strengthen national governance with the help of the spirit of local gods, and its essence is the construction and control of local order by state power.