人工纳米材料在前列腺癌诊疗中的研究进展

Research progress of engineered nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer

前列腺癌的发病率不断上升,严重威胁我国男性的健康。虽然近年来手术治疗和药物治疗方面取得了长足的进展,但是前列腺癌的早期诊断以及晚期前列腺癌治疗等方面仍缺乏高效的技术手段。随着纳米科技的发展,人工纳米材料因其纳米尺寸、比表面积大、药物偶联包裹效率较高、具有荧光激发能力和光热/光动力效应等独特的理化性质优势,使其在前列腺癌早期诊断、精准靶向治疗及协同治疗等方面展现出了极高的应用价值。本文概述了人工纳米材料在提高前列腺癌分子生物学和影像学早期诊断敏感性、手术靶向引导、放化疗增敏、药物靶向递送以及探索新型诊疗模式等领域的最新研究进展。

Prostate cancer poses a serious threat to the health of men with an increasing incidence in China.In recent years,great progress has been made in surgical and pharmaceutical treatment,but there are few promising techniques for early diagnosis of prostate cancer or therapeutics for advanced prostate cancer.Engineered nanomaterials have emerged and shown great potential in early diagnosis,precisely targeted therapies and synergistic therapeutics for prostate cancer because of unique physicochemical properties,such as size on the nanoscale,large specific surface area,high drug loading efficiency,fluorescence excitation ability and photothermal/photodynamic effect.This review focused on the new diagnoses and treatment strategies in prostate cancer with engineered nanomaterials,by summarizing the advancement of engineered nanomaterials in improving the sensitivity of molecular biology and imaging diagnosis,targeted guidance in surgery,sensitization of radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and targeted drug delivery.