舟山朱家尖沙滩沉积物中微塑料污染调查研究

Microplastics Pollution in Sediments of Zhujiajian Beach in Zhoushan

为了解舟山市朱家尖沙滩的微塑料污染状况,本研究在朱家尖十里金沙沙滩设置了15个采样点,对其沉积物中的微塑料丰度、粒径、形态、化学组分及表面特征等进行了调查分析。结果表明:十里金沙沙滩沉积物中的微塑料平均丰度为1007个·kg^(-1)(沉积物),且不同采样点的具体丰度与人类活动频率呈正相关;不同采样点沙滩沉积物中的微塑料粒径均以<1 mm为主,但具体占比受到人类活动的影响;沉积物中微塑料形态多少依次为纤维状、碎片状和薄膜状,占比分别为42%~69%、22%~40%和9%~18%,相应化学组分分别为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯;这些微塑料微观表面十分粗糙且有明显裂痕,这是其在环境中被长时间自然风化作用的结果,其表面的粗糙特性更易吸附其他有毒有害污染物进而增加引发复合污染的可能性。本研究能够为朱家尖十里金沙景区的微塑料污染风险评估及污染防治提供数据支持。

To understand the microplastics pollution of Zhujiajian beach in Zhoushan,15 sampling points were set up at Shili Jinsha Beach,and the abundance,particle size,morphology,chemical composition and surface characteristics of the sedimental microplastics were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that,the average abundance of the microplastics in the sediments was 1007 items·kg-1(sediment),while the specific abundance should be positively correlated with the frequency of human activities.The particle sizes of the microplastics was mainly<1 mm,and the specific proportion was affected by human activities.The shapes of the microplastics were fibrous,fragment and film,accounting for 42%-69%,22%-40%and 9%-18%respectively,while the corresponding chemical components were polyethylene,polypropylene and polystyrene,respectively;Moreover,the micro-surface of these microplastics was very rough with obvious cracks,this should be resulted from a long-term natural weathering and makes them more easily to absorb other toxic and harmful pollutants and cause compound pollution.This study can provide data support for the risk assessment and pollution prevention of the microplastics pollution in Zhujiajian beach.