3种碳基/聚碳酸酯纳米复合材料的制备与力学性能

Preparation and mechanical properties of three carbon-based/polycarbonate nanocomposites

在聚合物复合材料领域中,填料的种类、添加量和分散程度影响复合材料的力学性能。聚碳酸酯作为一种热塑性树脂,具有良好的力学性能,其拉伸性能、抗冲击性能、耐热性和耐磨性能优异。为了探究填料种类及添加量对于复合材料力学性能的影响,选用聚碳酸酯作为基体,分别选择石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维3种纳米填料通过双螺杆挤出制备聚合物增强聚碳酸酯复合材料,并通过注塑成型的方式将其制成测试件,采用电子万能试验机与电子显微镜对其进行分析与表征。结果表明:3种填料都能增强聚碳酸酯的力学性能,其中碳纳米纤维的增强效果最好,在填量为2.5wt%时复合材料的拉伸性能表现最佳。其中拉伸强度达到90.12±2.18 MPa,较原聚碳酸酯材料提升25.17±3.03%。随着纳米填料添加量继续增加,材料的杨氏模量继续增加,但拉伸极限开始下降。

The type,the amount and the degree of dispersionof fillers affect the mechanical properties of composites in the field of polymer composites,.As a thermoplastic resin,polycarbonate has good mechanical properties,including excellent tensile and impact resistance,and also has good heat and wear resistance.In order to explore the effects of filler types and amount on mechanical properties of composites,polycarbonate was selected as the matrix in this experiment,and three nano-fillers including graphene,carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers were selected to prepare polymer-reinforced polycarbonate composites by twin screw extrusion.Test parts were made by injection molding and analyzed and characterized by electronic universal testing machine and electron microscope.The results show that all the three fillers can enhance the mechanical properties of polycarbonate,and carbon nanofiber has the best enhancement effect,and tensile properties of the composite are the best when the filling amount is 2.5wt%.The tensile strength reached 90.12±2.18 MPa,25.17±3.03%higher than the original polycarbonate material.With the increases of nano-filler content,the young′s modulus of the material continues to increase but the tensile limit begins to decrease.