小学低年级汉语儿童语素意识、汉字识别和词汇知识的发展关系--交叉滞后研究

The relationship among morphological awareness,character recognition and vocabulary knowledge in elementary school children:A cross-lagged model

以146名小学一年级儿童为研究对象,进行了历时2年的3次追踪测试,考察小学生从一到三年级的语素意识、汉字识别和词汇知识之间发展关系的变化。在控制了语音意识、快速命名、正字法意识、一般认知能力和自回归效应后,结果发现:(1)一年级时的汉字识别显著预测二年级的同音语素意识和同形语素意识;(2)一年级时的词汇知识显著预测二年级的复合语素意识和汉字识别;(3)二年级时的汉字识别和词汇知识对三年级的同音语素意识、同形语素意识和复合语素意识均有显著预测作用;(4)二年级时的同形语素意识对三年级的词汇知识具有显著预测作用。结果表明,小学一至三年级的汉字识别和词汇知识对语素意识具有预测作用;三种语素意识对汉字识别和词汇知识的预测作用中,只有同形语素意识能够显著预测词汇知识;三种语素意识、汉字识别和词汇知识的发展关系存在变化且具有阶段性特点。

The present study aims to examine the relationship among morphological awareness,Chinese character recognition and vocabulary knowledge of elementary school students.Numerous studies on the language development of Chinese children show that as language learning progresses,an individual’s language system gradually develops and matures.Morphological awareness,Chinese character recognition and vocabulary knowledge play an important role in children’s language development.There is a solid one-to-one correspondence between syllables,morphemes and characters in Chinese.It is necessary to consider morphological awareness,Chinese character recognition and vocabulary knowledge simultaneously in the language development among elementary school children.Three follow-up tests were administered to 146 first-grade elementary school children over a 2-year period to examine changes in the developmental relationships between morphological awareness,Chinese character recognition,and vocabulary knowledge in elementary school children in grades 1 through 3.In addition,phonological awareness,rapid automatized naming of digits,orthographic awareness and intelligence were all measured as control variables at Time 1(spring semester of Grade 1).A cross-lagged model was conducted to explore the relationship among children’s morphological awareness,character recognition and vocabulary knowledge at different time points.The results showed that the relationship among morphological awareness,Chinese character recognition and vocabulary knowledge varied across developmental stages after controlling the aforementioned control variables.(1)Chinese character recognition at Time 1 significantly predicted the homophone and homograph awareness at Time 2;(2)Vocabulary knowledge at Time 1 significantly predicted compounding awareness and Chinese character recognition at Time 2;(3)Chinese character recognition and vocabulary knowledge at Time 2 significantly predicted homophone,homograph and compounding awareness at Time 3.(4)Homograph awareness at Time 2 significantly predicted vocabulary knowledge at Time 3.The results indicated that the relationship among different levels of morphological awareness,Chinese character recognition and vocabulary knowledge in Chinese elementary children has been changed over time.From Grade 1 to Grade 3,Chinese character recognition and vocabulary knowledge had stable predictive effects on morphological awareness,while the predictive effects of morphological awareness on Chinese character recognition and vocabulary knowledge changed with age.