虚拟团队共享式领导的双刃剑效应研究:基于调适性结构理论的视角

The double-edged sword of shared leadership in virtual teams:A perspective from adaptive structuration theory

虚拟团队因新兴技术驱动而成为组织管理的潮流,尤其全球疫情的爆发使得远程办公备受关注。共享式领导是与虚拟团队高度匹配的领导模式,但现今学界对虚拟团队共享式领导作用机制的研究比较匮乏,且集中在正面效应和团队层次,忽略了共享式领导可能存在的负面效应及对个体层次的影响。研究基于调适性结构理论,提出虚拟团队共享式领导有助于团队及个体内部动机和效能感的提升,同时也会加剧团队内社会惰化现象和关系冲突水平,引发员工的工作负荷和工作焦虑感,进而对团队绩效和个体绩效产生双刃剑效应,同时,团队虚拟性、任务复杂性和任务重要性在其中起到调节作用。研究模型系统打开了虚拟团队共享式领导的影响机制黑箱,为组织如何在虚拟情境下领导团队、提升绩效提供借鉴。

With remote working becoming a norm following the global pandemic,workers increasingly need to work in virtual teams supported by collaborative technologies.While the literature has highlighted the relevance of shared leadership for virtual teams,empirical research appears to focus on the positive effects of shared leadership on virtual teamwork at the team level while neglecting the negative effects of shared leadership on virtual team work at the individual level.This paper argues that shared leadership is a double-edged sword in relation to virtual team leadership in terms of both team and individual performance.Using adaptive structuration theory,we propose a study to show that shared leadership in virtual teams is not only positively related to team performance and individual performance through the mechanisms of intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy,but also negatively related to team performance and individual performance through the mechanisms of social loafing,relationship conflict,workload and job anxiety.The study also examines how team virtuality,task complexity and task significance moderate these relationships.Our proposed research not only extends our understanding of the influence mechanisms and boundary conditions of shared leadership in virtual teams,but also provides suggestions to organizations for improving leadership and performance in virtual team contexts.