氮肥后移对不同基因型辣椒产量及辣椒碱含量的影响

Effects of Postponing Nitrogen Application on Yield and Capsaicin Content of Pepper in Different Genotypes

以贵州本地‘满天星朝天椒’和‘黄平线椒’为试材,采用盆栽试验,在施氮总量相同条件下(5 g·盆;),设置100%基肥(N1)、50%基肥+50%花期肥(N2)、不施氮肥处理(CK)3种氮肥运筹模式,研究了氮肥后移对辣椒产量及辣椒碱含量的影响,以期为辣椒增产和提高氮肥利用效率提供参考依据。结果表明:N2处理下‘满天星朝天椒’和‘黄平线椒’产量均显著高于N1处理,分别提高了11.47%和19.90%(P<0.05),其中对‘黄平线椒’产量的提升幅度更大。在N2处理下,‘满天星朝天椒’和‘黄平线椒’果实横径、纵径和单果鲜质量比N1处理显著提高(P<0.05)10.67%、25.89%、8.29%和30.15%、23.58%、37.10%,且‘黄平线椒’单果鲜质量的增加幅度高于‘满天星朝天椒’。与N1处理相比,N2处理提高了‘满天星朝天椒’和‘黄平线椒’果实辣椒碱含量,且‘满天星朝天椒’的增加幅度更大;同时显著提高其维生素C含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,氮肥后移较传统一次性底施的施氮方式更有利于提高辣椒产量、果实辣椒碱含量;且产量提升幅度上,‘黄平线椒’大于‘满天星朝天椒’,‘满天星朝天椒’辣椒碱含量增加幅度大于‘黄平线椒’。

Taking two Guizhou local pepper genotype ‘Mantianxing Pod Pepper’ and ‘Huangping Line Pepper’ as experimental materials, a pot experiments method were carried cut.Three nitrogen fertilization modes were set under the same total nitrogen application conditions, 100% base fertilizer(N1),50% base fertilizer+50% flowering fertilizer(N2),and no nitrogen fertilizer treatment as control(CK).The effects of postponing nitrogen application on yield and capsaicin content of pepper in different genotypes were studied, in order to provide reference for increasing yield and improving nitrogen use efficiency of pepper.The results showed that, the yield of ‘Mantianxing Pod Pepper’ and ‘Huangping Line Pepper’ under N2 treatment was significantly higher than that under N1 treatment, which increased by 11.47% and 19.90%(P<0.05),respectively, among which, the yield of ‘Huangping Line Pepper’ increased more.Under N2 treatment, the transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter and fresh weight of single fruit were significantly increased by 10.67%,25.89%,8.29% and 30.15%,23.58%,37.10%(P<0.05) compared with N1 treatment, and the increasing range of fresh weight of single fruit was higher in ‘Huangping Line Pepper’ than in ‘Mantianxing Pod Pepper’.Compared with N1 treatment, N2 treatment increased the content of capsaicin in ‘Mantianxing Pod Pepper’ and ‘Huangping Line Pepper’ fruit, and the increasing in ‘Mantianxing Pod Pepper’ was even greater.Meanwhile, the content of vitamin C was significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion, postponing nitrogen application was more beneficial to increase pepper yield and fruit capsaicin content than traditional one-time base application.In yield addition, the increase of ‘Huangping Line Pepper’ was greater than that of ‘Mantianxing Pod Pepper’,and the increase of capsaicin content was opposite.