水肥调控对日光温室葡萄生长及耗水特性的影响

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Regulation on Growth, Physiological and Water Consumption Characteristics of Grape in Solar Greenhouse

以葡萄为试材,在日光温室条件下进行灌溉和施肥2个交互因素和3个梯度水平的试验,研究了水肥调控对葡萄生长状况、光合作用及耗水规律的影响,以期为设施栽培下果树科学合理的水肥管理提供参考依据。结果表明:灌水、施肥及其交互关系均对葡萄的生长、光合作用及其耗水量产生不同程度的影响,其中灌水量的影响强于施肥。在I2F2和I3F3处理下葡萄长势较好,随着葡萄生育期的进行,葡萄净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率出现先升高后降低的趋势,在膨果期达到最大,最大值均出现在I2F2处理,Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo与光合基本参数指标表现趋势一致。膨果期是葡萄耗水量和耗水强度最高的时期,分别达251.80 mm和8.13 mm·d^(-1),萌芽期和花期的耗水量和耗水强度较低,耗水量分别为45.96、41.21 mm,耗水强度分别为4.55、4.58 mm·d^(-1)。综合考虑葡萄生长、光合作用和耗水因素,I2F2为最佳的水肥调控模式。

Taking grape as the test material,two interactive factors of irrigation and fertilization and three gradient levels were considered.The effects of water and fertilizer regulation on grape growth,photosynthesis and water consumption rule were studied,in order to provide reference for the scientific and reasonable irrigation and fertilization management system for fruit trees under facility cultivation.The results showed that,irrigation,fertilization and their interaction all affected the growth,photosynthesis and water consumption of grape,and the effect of irrigation was stronger than that of fertilization.Under I2F2 and I3F3 treatments,the grape growth was better.With the development of grape growth,the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and water use efficiency of grape increased firstly and then decreased,and reached the maximum at fruit expansion stage,and the maximum value all appeared in I2F2 treatment.Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo were consistent with the photosynthetic parameters.The water consumption and water consumption intensity were the highest in fruit expansion stage,reached 251.80 mm and 8.13 mm·d^(-1),respectively;while the flowering stage had the lowest water consumption for 41.21mm and germination stage had the lowest water consumption intensity for 4.55 mm · d^(-1).Considering the factors of grape growth,photosynthesis and water consumption,I2F2 treatment was the best regulation mode of water and fertilizer.