从合约治理到行政统合——资本下乡过程中治理策略转换的案例研究

From Contract Governance to Administrative Integration:A Case Study of Governance Strategy Transformation in the Process of Capital Going to the Countryside

资本下乡遭遇乡村社会的抵抗正在成为中国农业规模化发展中的普遍现象。本文从时间和空间维度,通过对资本下乡社会过程的考察发现,资本与乡村社会的互动经历了由合约治理到行政统合的转变。资本试图以市场化的合约关系来整合社会关系,将社会力量吸纳进公司以构建内部层级治理结构的管理策略,从而应对来自乡村社会的多重抵抗。当“扎根乡土”失败后,下乡资本转而与地方政府加强合作,“借道”体制力量以行政化手段调用科层制向下延伸形成的组织体系,将乡村干部、种植能手和乡村公益性岗位聘用人员等利益主体整合进公司的管理体系,从而达到降低交易成本的目标。资本与地方政府结成的紧密利益关系,能否保障下乡资本的经济社会效益抑或会带来新的意外后果,还有待更长时段的持续观察。

The resistance of capital going to rural society is becoming a common phenomenon in China’s large-scale development of agriculture.This paper adopts the perspective of time and space.By investigating the process of capital going to the countryside,this paper finds that the interaction between capital and rural society has experienced the transformation from contract governance to administrative integration.Capital tries to integrate social relations with market-oriented contractual relations and absorbs social forces into companies to construct the management strategy of an internal hierarchical governance structure to deal with multiple resistances from rural society.After the failure of“taking root in the countryside”,the rural capital turns to strengthening cooperation with local governments.The rural capital thus“borrows”the institutional forces of organizational system formed by the downward extension of the bureaucracy via administrative means and integrates rural cadres,growers and rural public welfare employees into the management system of the company,so as to achieve the goal of reducing transaction costs.However,whether the close interest relationship between capital and local governments can guarantee rural capital’s development rights and interests and whether it will bring new unexpected consequences,remains to be observed and studied for a longer period.