纳米生物传感器在肿瘤microRNA-21检测中的应用

Application of nano-biosensors in detection of tumor microRNA-21

大量试验和临床数据表明,microRNA-21(miRNA21,miR-21)是癌症发生发展的关键因素,在各种肿瘤基因表达转录后调控中发挥重要作用,其在肿瘤诊断、预后和治疗中具有巨大的应用前景。因此,迫切需要开发具有高精度、低成本、实用性强的体外miR-21检测新方法。但由于miRNA体积小、序列相似以及含量低等内在特性,对其进行灵敏性检测仍是生物分析领域的一个重要挑战。纳米材料作为常见的信号放大策略,由于其尺寸小、比表面积大、生物相容性好等优点被广泛应用于生物传感领域。本文对纳米生物传感器在肿瘤miR-21检测中的应用作一综述,旨在为miR-21在肿瘤的临床早期诊断、治疗监测、预后评估中的应用提供参考。

A large number of experiments and clinical data show that microRNA-21(miRNA21,miR-21)is a key factor in the occurrence and development of cancer,which plays an important role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in various tumors,and has a great application prospect in tumor diagnosis,prognosis and treatment.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop a new method for in vitro miR-21 detection with high precision,low cost and strong practicability.However,because of its small size,similar sequence and low content,the sensitivity test for miRNA is still an important challenge in the field of bioanalysis.As a common signal amplification strategy,nanomaterials are widely used in the field of biosensors because of their small size,large specific surface area and good biocompatibility.This article reviews the application of nano-biosensor in the detection of tumor miR-21 in order to provide a reference for the application of miR-21 in early clinical diagnosis,treatment monitoring and prognosis evaluation of tumors.