紫禁城布局中的镇物文化研究

Study on Guardian Mascots Culture in the Layout of the Forbidden City

镇物属于我国古代民间信仰习俗,紫禁城的重要文化特征之一,就是包含丰富的镇物内容。文章探讨了紫禁城布局的镇物文化,分析了不同方位、不同功能建筑的布局形式与不同类型镇物的对应关系,解读了其中的文化内涵。结果表明:紫禁城北部有灭前朝“王气”的镇山,从西北到东南有护佑紫禁城的内金水河,且紫禁城内不同方位建筑的布局方式、建筑功能包含着诸多的镇物内容,如阴阳、三垣、四象、五行、七星、八卦等。古代帝王认为上述不同的镇物均有利于紫禁城的稳固及其统治地位的长久。

Guardian mascots are of the ancient folk beliefs and customs in China. One of the important cultural characteristics of the Forbidden City is the rich content of guardian mascots. This paper discusses the guardian mascots culture in the layout of the Forbidden City,analyzes the corresponding relationship between the layout of buildings with different orientations and functions and the different types of guardian mascots,and interprets the cultural connotation. The findings show that there is a hill in the north of the Forbidden City,which is used to destroy the“kingliness”of the previous dynasty. From northwest to southeast,there is a Jinshui River to protect the Forbidden City. The layout and function of buildings in different directions in the Forbidden City contain much information of guardian mascots,such as yin and yang,three enclosure,four symbols,five elements,seven stars and eight trigrams. Ancient emperors believed that these guardian mascots were conducive to the stability of the Forbidden City and their long-term dominance.