高温形状记忆聚合物研究进展

Research Progress of High Temperature Shape Memory Polymers

形状记忆聚合物因质量轻、形变量大、性能可控、结构设计性强等优点,其相关的基础前沿研究和潜在的应用开发一直是研究者不断探索的焦点。为满足复杂环境领域(高低温、强辐射、真空等)对形状记忆聚合物的应用需求,近年来研究者开展了高温形状记忆聚合物的研究,并取得了阶段性的研究成果。本文总结了近年来高温形状记忆聚合物的最新研究进展,并对其类型、机制、调控方法及典型应用进行了阐述和分析,最后对高温形状记忆聚合物的未来发展趋势及挑战进行了总结和展望。

Shape memory polymers(SMPs),as a kind of smart material,have aroused tremendous attention including related basic frontier research and potential application duo to its advantages of light weight,larger deformed ability,as well as tunable performance.During the past years,the bulk of the research has concentrated on SMPs with relatively low to medium shape transition temperature for applications in advanced biomedical and surgical materials,smart fabrics,actuators,and so on.SMPs also have wide potential application in severe environments(high or low temperature,strong radiation,vacuum etc.),such as in satellites,solar arrays and antennas,shape morphing surfaces,airplane wings and aerospace self-deployable structures,where high switching temperature,extraordinary mechanical strength and excellent thermal stability are required.Recently,to meet the application needs of shape memory polymers in harsh environment,scientists have synthesized and developed a number of high performance shape memory polymers including thermoplastic and thermoset polyimide,thermoset cyanate,thermoset polyaspartimide,sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)and so forth.These materials have high switch temperature,excellent mechanical properties and environmental tolerance.In this review,the latest research progress of high-temperature shape memory polymers and their mechanism is introduced.Regulation methods and typical applications are also explained and analyzed.Finally,the future development trend and challenges of high-temperature shape memory polymers are summarized and prospected.