大气CO_(2)浓度升高条件下水稻营养成分和抗虫物质的变化及其对褐飞虱生长发育与繁殖的影响

Effects of elevated CO_(2) on the nutrients and insect-resistant substances of rice and the cascading effects on the growth,development and reproduction of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

为明确大气CO_(2)浓度升高对寄主植物水稻以及取食水稻褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens的影响,利用CO_(2)光照培养箱模拟现有大气CO_(2)浓度(400μL/L)和升高水平CO_(2)浓度(800μL/L),测定CO_(2)浓度升高后水稻营养成分和抗虫物质含量的变化,及取食水稻褐飞虱生长发育和繁殖力的变化。结果表明,CO_(2)浓度升高显著影响水稻营养成分和抗虫物质含量,并对褐飞虱卵发育历期、5龄若虫发育历期、若虫总发育历期、成虫寿命、单雌产卵量和卵孵化率有显著影响。与现有大气CO_(2)浓度处理相比,CO_(2)浓度升高后水稻叶片中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量分别显著提高17.01%和48.07%,而游离脂肪酸含量显著降低44.45%,水稻茎秆中可溶性糖和游离脂肪酸的含量分别显著增加35.32%和120.69%,总氨基酸含量显著减少28.97%。CO_(2)浓度升高后水稻叶片中茉莉酸、水杨酸、总酚和类黄酮的含量分别显著增加70.56%、18.11%、16.53%和30.13%;水稻茎秆中茉莉酸、水杨酸、总酚和类黄酮的含量分别显著增加78.01%、21.68%、11.71%和30.66%。褐飞虱取食高浓度CO_(2)处理水稻后,其卵发育历期、5龄若虫发育历期、若虫总发育历期和成虫寿命分别显著缩短10.15%、11.59%、5.96%和8.04%,单雌产卵量和卵孵化率分别显著提高12.24%和4.14%。表明CO_(2)浓度升高提高了水稻营养品质的同时,也改变了水稻抗虫物质含量,进而影响了褐飞虱的生长发育和繁殖。

To determine the direct effects of elevated CO_(2) on the nutrients and insect-resistant substances of rice and the indirect effects on the growth and development of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens(BPH),the automatically-controlled CO_(2) chambers were used to simulate the ambient CO_(2) concentration(400μL/L)and the elevated CO_(2) concentration(800μL/L),and to investigate the effects of elevated CO_(2) on rice nutrition,resistant substance contents and growth,development and reproduction of BPH.The results showed that the elevated CO_(2) significantly affected the nutrient compositions and insect-resistant substances of rice,and also significantly affected the durations of egg,5th-instar nymph and total nymphs,longevity of adults,the number of eggs laid per female and egg hatching rate of BPH.Compared with the ambient CO_(2)(400μL/L),the content of soluble sugars and soluble proteins in rice leaves were significantly increased by 17.01%and 48.07%,respectively,and the content of non-esterified fatty acids was significantly decreased by 44.45%,and the content of soluble sugars and non-esterified fatty acids in rice stems significantly increased by 35.32%and 120.69%,respectively,and the content of total amino acids was significantly reduced by 28.97%,under elevated CO_(2).Furthermore,elevated CO_(2) significantly increased the content of jasmonic acid,salicylic acid,total phenols and flavonoids in rice leaves by 70.56%,18.11%,16.53%and 30.13%,and significantly increased jasmonic acid,salicylic acid,total phenols and flavonoids in rice stems by 78.01%,21.68%,11.71%and 30.66%,respectively.Elevated CO_(2) significantly shortened the duration of egg,5th-instar nymph,total nymphs and the longevity of adults of BPH by 10.15%,11.59%,5.96%and 8.0%,respectively,but significantly increased the fecundity of female adults and egg hatching rate by 12.24%and 4.14%,respectively.In conclusion,elevated CO_(2) concentrations improve the nutritional quality and change the content of insect-resistant substances in rice,and thus promote the growth,development and reproduction of BPH.