拟康宁木霉T-51菌株生物学特性及其生物防治潜力

Biological characteristics and biological control potential of endophytic fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis strain T-51

为进一步扩宽拟康宁木霉Trichoderma koningiopsis T-51菌株的生防应用范围,该研究测定T-51菌株菌丝生长、产孢和分生孢子萌发的最适温度、光照和碳氮源条件及其对灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea菌核的重寄生能力和对12种植物病原真菌的生防潜力。结果表明,拟康宁木霉T-51菌株在26℃下菌丝生长最快,生长速度达到2.5 cm/d,在20℃光照条件下产孢量最大,达到1.64×109个/皿,26~28℃光照条件下适宜T-51菌株分生孢子萌发;供试氮源中硫酸铵和硝酸铵适宜T-51菌株菌丝生长、产孢和分生孢子萌发,供试碳源中葡萄糖和可溶性淀粉适宜T-51菌株菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发,果糖和乳糖适宜T-51菌株产孢;T-51菌株能够重寄生灰葡萄孢菌核,当分生孢子悬浮液浓度为1×108个/mL时,重寄生效果最好;T-51菌株对核盘菌属Sclerotinia和丝核菌属Rhizoctonia植物病原真菌重寄生能力较强,对镰刀菌Fusarium spp.、暹罗刺盘孢菌Colletotrichum siamense、桃褐腐病菌Monilinia fructicola和稻瘟菌Magnaporthe oryzae等也有一定重寄生能力。表明T-51菌株在防治不同植物病害方面都有一定的应用潜力。

To further broaden the range of biological control application of endophytic fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis strain T-51,the optimal temperature,light and carbon and nitrogen conditions for mycelial growth,sporulation and conidia germination of T-51 were investigated,its mycoparasitism on sclerotia of Botrytis cinerea as well as biological control potential against 12 different plant pathogenic fungi were evaluated.The results showed T-51 mycelium grown fastest at 26℃,reaching 2.5 cm/d,its sporulation was maximum at 20℃under light,reaching 1.64×109 conidia/plate,and the optimal conditions for conidia of T-51 to germinate were 26-28℃under light.The optimal nitrogen sources for mycelial growth,sporulation and conidium germination of T51 were ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate,the optimal carbon sources for its mycelial growth and conidium germination were glucose and soluble starch,while fructose and lactose were suitable for sporulation of T-51.T-51 can parasite on the sclerotia of B.cinerea,and showed highest mycoparasitism when conidium suspension was used at a concentration of 1×108 conidia/mL.T-51 showed good mycoparasitism on the isolates of genera Sclerotinia and Rhizoctonia,and was mycoparasitic,to some extent,against Fusarium spp.,Colletotrichum siamense,Monilinia fructicola,Magnaporthe oryzae,indicating T-51 had a biological control potential against a wide range of plant diseases.