韭菜挥发物对采后贮藏期苹果轮纹病的防控作用

Control efficacy of Chinese leek volatiles on postharvest ring rot of apple fruits

为探索能高效、安全防控采后贮藏期苹果轮纹病的方法,采用室内生测法测定韭菜挥发物对苹果轮纹病菌Botryosphaeria dothidea菌丝生长的抑制作用及对采后苹果轮纹病的防控作用,并通过三重四极杆气质联用仪分析鉴定韭菜挥发物主要成分及其抑菌效应。结果表明,韭菜挥发物能显著抑制苹果轮纹病菌菌丝的生长,不同浓度挥发物的抑制率为85.57%~100.00%;韭菜挥发物能造成苹果轮纹病菌菌丝畸形。韭菜挥发物也能显著抑制采后苹果轮纹病的发生,其防控效果达53.42%~100.00%。韭菜挥发物的主要成分为有机硫化物,在离体情况下3种主要硫化物均能显著抑制苹果轮纹病菌菌丝的生长,500μL/L和250μL/L二甲基三硫醚、甲基烯丙基三硫醚、二烯丙基三硫醚在整个试验期间均能完全抑制苹果轮纹病菌菌丝的生长。其中二烯丙基三硫醚的抑制率最高,在62.5~500μL/L范围内其抑制率高达66.25%~100.00%。表明韭菜挥发物及其主要成分均能显著抑制苹果轮纹病菌的生长,这可能是韭菜防控苹果轮纹病发生的重要因素。

To explore the effective and safe control measures of apple ring rot,the inhibitory effect of Chinese leek volatile on the mycelial growth of Botryosphaeria dothidea,and its control efficacy on postharvest ring rot of apple fruits were determined.Subsequently,the main components of the volatile were identified with gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis,and their antifungal effects were assessed.The results showed that the Chinese leek volatile significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of the B.dothidea.The inhibition rates ranged from 85.57%to 100.00%.Furthermore,the volatile severely damaged the mycelia morphology.The volatile also significantly reduced postharvest ring rot incidence by as much as 53.42%-100.00%.Organic sulfides were the main components in the Chinese leek volatile.In vitro,500μL/L and 250μL/L of dimethyl trisulfide,methyl allyl trisulfide,and diallyl trisulfide,the three primary sulfides in the volatile,completely inhibited the mycelial growth of B.dothidea during the whole experiment period.Among the three sulfides,diallyl trisulfide had the highest inhibition rate,up to 66.25%-100.00%in the experimental concentration range of 62.5-500.0μL/L.The research indicated that the Chinese leek volatile and its main components significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of B.dothidea,which might be the main factor allowing control apple ring rot with Chinese leek.