"321"健康教育模式对老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折术后患者健康行为及生活质量的影响

Effects of"321"health education model on health behavior and quality of life in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures

目的探讨"321"健康教育模式在老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折(OTF)术后患者中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法,选择2019年1月—2021年6月合肥市第一人民医院收治的112例老年OTF术后患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为试验组、对照组,各56例。对照组给予OTF术后患者常规护理干预及健康教育,试验组联合应用"321"健康教育模式。比较干预前、随访6个月后两组健康行为调查问卷得分、并发症发生情况、生活质量评分。结果试验组、对照组患者分别有54、51例患者完成研究。随访6个月后,两组患者健康行为调查问卷总分及各维度得分均高于干预前,试验组健康行为调查问卷总分及其余各维度得分高于对照组,除其他行为维度外,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组并发症发生率(3.70%,2/54)低于对照组(15.69%,8/51),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.669,P=0.031);两组患者生活质量总分及各维度得分均低于教育前,且试验组生活质量总分及各维度得分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论"321"健康教育模式应用于老年OTF术后患者中,有利于提高老年OTF术后患者骨质疏松症预防健康行为,减少OTF术后并发症的发生,改善患者生活质量。

Objective To explore the effect of"321"health education model in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures(OTF).Methods From January 2019 to June 2021,convenience sampling was used to select 112 elderly patients after OTF surgery in Hefei First People's Hospital as the research object.The patients were divided into the experimental group and the control group by random number table method,56 cases in each group.The control group was given routine nursing and health education for patients after OTF surgery,while the experimental group was given"321"health education.The scores of Health Behavior Questionnaire,incidence of complications,and quality of life scores were compared between the two groups before intervention and after 6 months follow-up.Results There were 54 and 51 patients in the experimental group and the control group,respectively,who completed the study.After 6 months of follow-up,the total score and the dimension scores of the Health Behavior Questionnaire in the two groups were higher than those before the intervention,except for the other behavior dimension,the total score of the Health Behavior Questionnaire and the scores of other dimensions in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,all differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of complications in the experimental group(3.70%,2/54)was lower than that in the control group(15.69%,8/51),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=4.669,P=0.031).The total score and the dimension scores of quality of life in the two groups were lower than those before education,and the total score and the dimension scores of quality of life in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions The"321"health education model in elderly patients after OTF surgery is beneficial to promote the osteoporosis prevention and health behavior of elderly patients after OTF surgery,reduce the occurrence of complications after OTF surgery,and improve the quality of life of patients.