从“临视下土”到“观民设教”——析《周易》“临观之义”的人文内涵

From Visit to Subordinate Regions to the Establishment of Teaching:An Analysis of Humanistic Connotations in the Zhou Changes

从卦序逻辑的角度看,临、观二卦可视为《周易》六十四卦大系统下的一个毗邻对应、富有特色的小系统。本文依循“主训诂重明道”的治《易》理念和方法,通过考察临、观由语词到卦名的发展过程,解读卦爻辞并剖析其含义,探讨卦爻辞与《彖》《象》之阐述发挥之间的思想连结、义理转承关系,着重分析“临视下土”到“观民设教”的思想逻辑演进,进而揭示“临观之义”神文其表、人文为实的内涵特质,力证其作为中国古典人文精神早期凝成的典型案例,具有重要价值和资源意义。

Viewed from the order of the sixty-four hexagrams in the received version of Zhouyi, hexagrams Lin [■, Approach, 19] and Guan [■, Contemplation, 20] constitute a smaller system full of spiritual characteristics. From philological study to revelation of the Dao, considering the course of naming the two hexagrams, interpreting the judgments and line statements, as well as analyzing their connotations, this paper mainly focuses on the logical evolution from the topic of visit to subordinate regions, to that of the establishment of teaching. In this way, the humanistic connotations behind the divine instruction will be exposed, and their value and significance as a typical case of Chinese classical humanistic spirit will also be forcefully demonstrated.