中国古代复仇行为合理性与合法性冲突的法律协调

The Law-based Coordination of the Conflict between Reasonablenes s and Legitimacy of Acts of Revenge in Ancient China

复仇是中国古代法制史和法律思想史上的一个重要话题。中国古代至少在国家立法层面,对复仇行为是不予认可、并且严厉禁止的。从古代司法实践来看,随着统一的国家法制体系的建立,对复仇案件的处理一般都能坚守法律底线,对于复仇问题的理论探讨,也把维护国家法律的权威作为一个重要前提,特别是在立法实践中,努力协调复仇问题的合理性与合法性的关系。以清代法律为例,对复仇行为,就如何做到合理性与合法性两全进行了两方面的规范:一是通过完善法律规定来制止司法上的擅断行为;二是将礼教的精神融入法律条文,使关于复仇问题的规定在强调合法性的同时,更加具有合理性。

The revenge is an importanttopic in the Legal History of Ancient China and the History of Legal Thoughts.The ancient China,at least at the level of the national law,denied and severely prohibited acts of revenge.From the judicial practice in ancient time,with the establishment of the unified national legal system,cases involving revenge could be generally handled by sticking to legal bottom-line.The theoretical discussion on the issue of revenge also took the maintenance of the authority of the national law as an important precondition.Especially in legislative practice,efforts were made to coordinate the relation between the reasonableness and legitimacy of the revenge.Taking laws of Qing dynasty as an example,the regulation of acts of revenge covered two aspects of norms on how to guarantee both reasonableness and legitimacy:the first one is to prevent judicial arbitrariness by improving legal provisions;the second one is to incorporate ethical spirit into legal texts,thus making regulations on the issue of revenge be more reasonable at the time of emphasizing the legitimacy.