《庄子》技术的“本真”及其历史超越

The Authenticity and Historic Value of “Chuang Tzu” on Technique

学界在谈论庄子“技术”思想时,常从现代技术概念出发,或认为庄子反技术,或认为其推崇技术,使其“技术”观呈现出二元悖论的局面。通过对《庄子》的系统梳理,发现“技术”作为复合词并不见于文本,庄子“技术”思想主要凝结于他关于“技”或“术”的观念或寓言中,与“道”密切相关。庄子并不是最终指向技术本身,而是在“道”的宇宙观下,借技术活动来关注人的生命,追求技艺自由、回归自然与人文生态。抑或说,借贬“技术”来反对通往“道”的一切藩篱,借褒“技术”来赞扬一种近乎超功利、超结构的技术来体道、悟道,以求养身、养生、养神,最终达到关注人、人的生命本真。这种技术思想对当代人们克服异化和实现生命本真具有重要启示。

The “technique” thoughts of Chuang Tzu are often studied from the modern concept of “technology”,concluding that Chuang Tzu is for or against technique respectively,manifesting binary antinomy.With a systematic exploration into “Chuang Tzu”,it is researched that the concept of technique as a whole does not appear in texts,but manifests itself in Chuang Tzu’s thoughts and fables concerning “craft” and “skill”,which is closely related to “Dao” in Daoism.Instead of aiming at technique itself,Chuang Tzu concerns about the life of humanity through technical activities under the world view of “Dao” to pursue the freedom of technique and return to nature and culture.It can also be put that Chuang Tzu devaluates technique to object to the obstacles of reaching “Dao”,and values technique to praise what is above utility and structure so as to experience and understand “Dao”,enriching body,life and mind,with the ultimate aim of caring about humanity and life.Chuang Tzu thoughts on technique offer valuable inspirations to overcoming human alienation and realizing the truth of life.