青海甘沟话“坐”义动词用作持续体助动词

SIT verbs as continuous auxiliaries in Qinghai Gan’gou dialect

在青海甘沟话和周边汉语方言中有一个表示持续和进行的“坐”。本文通过录音转写语料和调查问卷,分析和探索了“坐”的句法属性、语法意义、来源、演变路径及其与周边少数民族语言的关系。主要结论是:1)“坐”用于“V着坐”格式中,其语法属性是助动词;2)“坐”的语法功能是强调动作持续进行或状态持续不变;3)“坐”来源于“坐”义动词;4)从“坐”义动词演变为持续体标记在周边SOV语言中比较普遍,其间可能经历过语义泛化过程,涉及“坐住同词”、泛化为“居处”动词等;5)河湟汉语“坐”义动词用作持续体助动词是对周边少数民族语言的语义关联模式和特定句法格式的复制,动因是语言接触,是语言转用过程中不完全习得带来的干扰。

In Gan'gou dialect and its surrounding dialects of the Qinghai province,the word zuo(坐)can express continuous and progressive events.Based on field research,this study analyzes the syntactic and semantic features of zuo as well as its possible source,path of development and relation with surrounding minority languages.The results indicate that:1)the zuo in V+zhe(着)+zuo constructions should be an auxiliary verb;2)it functions to emphasize the constant continuation or progression of the event;3)the zuo in Gan'gou dialect should be derived from verbs meaning“to sit”;4)such diachronic change from SIT verbs to continuous markers is commonly found in surrounding SOV languages,and there may be a progress of semantic generalization in which words meaning“to sit”and“to reside”developed into words meaning“to stay”;5)the SIT verbs as continuous aspect markers in Hehuang dialect present a copy of the syntactic and semantic features of surrounding minority languages which is caused by imperfect acquisition during language contact.