组合式结构与黏合式结构补议

A further discussion on combination structure and cohesion structure

本文对朱德熙(1982)区分的组合式结构和黏合式结构概念作进一步的补充说明。文章以体词性偏正结构作为考察出发点,提出了区分组合式和黏合式的三条标准,即:句法上内部成分扩展自由还是不自由?韵律上内部成分之间结合松散还是紧凑?语用上内部成分能否单独充当信息焦点?依据这三条标准,文章重新审视了现代汉语的述宾结构、主谓结构、述补结构、联合结构和状中结构,对它们作了组合式和黏合式的区分。最后,文章从语法单位的层级设置,语义和语用因素的分工作用,以及对言语法的适用范围三个方面,说明区分组合式和黏合式对现代汉语语法分析的重要意义。

Based on Zhu(1982),this paper further discusses the definition of combination structure and cohesion structure and puts forward three criteria by observing the structures at subject and object positions.Firstly,whether the components can be extended freely on the syntactic level?Secondly,are the components closely or loosely binded on the rhythm?Thirdly,from pragmatic perspectives,whether the components can function as the informational focus independently?According to these three criteria,VO structures,subject-predicate structures,VC structures,coordinative structures and attributive structures can all be categorized into combination structures or cohesion structures.The significance of distinguishing combination structures from cohesion structures is also discussed from aspects including the hierarchy of grammatical units,the function of semantic and pragmatic factors,and the applicability of thedui-speech grammar.