论普通话的推广方略

Strategies on the promotion of Putonghua

普通话是现代汉民族共同语,也是国家通用语言。推广普通话,是在历史基础上形成的国家语言政策,是“书同文”“语言统一”的当代体现。推普方针是普通话推广的政策核心,1955年以来推普方针多次微调,但基本上都是侧重于普通话的口语普及。这与那一时期的语言生活状况是契合的。而今,语言生活发生了重大变化,社会的普通话意识空前浓厚,普通话口语的普及率已超过80%,社会文化程度大幅度提高,学习和使用普通话的条件大幅度改善,社会生活对人的语言能力提出了更高要求。因此,推普方针也要适应语言生活的新态势,由重视普及到“普及与提高相结合”,由重视口语到“口语与书面语相结合”。只有这样,才能充分发挥普通话的信息沟通、文化传承、国家认同、促进社会进步等国家通用语言的职能。

Putonghua is the common language of modern Han people and the national language of China.Its promotion,as a national language policy,has been initiated based on historical practices,and it is a modern manifestation of the historical policy of Shu tong wen(书同文,the unification of the writing system)and Yuyan tongyi(语言统一,the unification of the language).Since 1955,strategies on the promotion of Putonghua have seen continuous adjustments.However,for a long time in history,the emphasis was solely on the speaking which does not suit the current situation anymore.Due to the rising awareness,Putonghua is now used by over 80%of Chinese citizens.The literacy rate has been greatly improved and the environment for learning and using Putonghua has been ameliorated substantially.Besides,there is a higher demand for good language ability in the society.Based on the above changes,this paper proposes that,the main focus of the promotion in this new era should be shifted from simple popularization to an integration of enhancement and popularization,and from speaking to an integration of writing and speaking.Only in this way can Putonghua function more comprehensively in aspects such as information exchange,cultural inheritance,national identity and social development.