“实用主义的入侵”与信念的合理性

“Pragmatic Encroachment”and the Rationality of Belief

“实用主义的入侵”已成为当今认识论领域的一个热门话题,与之相关的争论围绕如下问题展开:到底是什么因素决定了信念的合理性地位?智识主义者认为,信念的合理性只依赖于与真理相关的认知因素;实践派则认为,信念的合理性至少部分地依赖于实践因素。杰克逊新近提出的二元论策略为抵御这场“入侵”作出了突出贡献,但它面临一些严重问题。返回到这场争论的源头,通过对詹姆斯经典论证的分析可以发现:实践派在论证时所仰仗的关键区分并不对信念合理性构成威胁。他们所提供的洞见更多地限于心灵哲学领域而非认识论领域。

In recent years,there is a widespread concern on“pragmatic encroachment”in epistemology.The disputing question is:what factors determine the rational status of belief?Intellectualists hold that therationality of belief depends solely upon the factors which are related to truth.However,practicists argue thatthe rationality of belief partly relies on some practical factors which are not related to truth.The dualism strategyproposed by E.Jackson in 2019 has made outstanding contributions to resist the“encroachment”,but it facessome serious problems.Returning to the source of this dispute,through the analysis of William James’classical argument,we find that a key distinction on which the practicists rely in their argument does not pose a threatto the rationality of belief.The insights they provide are more limited to the field of philosophy of mind thanepistemology.