Using detection dogs and genetic analyses of scat to expand knowledge and assist felid conservation in Misiones, Argentina

Many carnivores require large ranges to meet their ecological and energetic needs;however,anthropogen­ic changes threaten species and their habitats.Camera traps have been used to effectively collect data on car­nivores in a variety of habitat types;however,a single survey effort is typically limited to species that have similar body size,habitat use and movement patterns,and individual identification of animals is not always pos­sible.We evaluated whether scat detection dogs could effectively survey for 4 wide-ranging felids that vary in these characteristics:jaguars(Panthera onca),pumas(Puma concolor),ocelots(Leopardus pardalis)and oncil­las(Leopardus tigrinus).From June to October 2009 and May to August 2011,a detection dog-handler team de­tected 588 scats,from which 176 unique genotypes were detected.We assigned sex to 84.7%of the genotyped scats and identified 55 individuals multiple times.The effectiveness of these noninvasive techniques(detection dogs and genetic analyses of scat)not only opens the door for additional studies in areas that were previous­ly difficult or impossible with standard survey techniques,but also provides conservationists with a set of tools that overcome some of the limitations associated with the use of camera traps alone.