亚里士多德听觉理论的系统性探析

A Systematic Analysis of Aristotle’s Auditory Theory

亚里士多德在《论灵魂》Ⅱ.8论述听觉系统的运作模式。听觉系统是非加和性的涌现整体,它由三种基本要素构成:首先是声音,由物体以恰当的方式撞击而产生;其次是作为传达声音的中介,由空气或水构成,具有共振性;最后是听觉器官,不仅包括通常理解的外在的耳朵,还包括内在于耳的空气。这三种听觉要素相互奠基,使听觉活动成为整体性的功能系统。然而,由于《论灵魂》文本的模糊性和多义性,对亚里士多德听觉理论中三种基本要素的理解存在多重疑难,这些疑难也呈现为具有层次性的逻辑系统。通过逐一解决这些疑难,可以理解亚里士多德听觉理论的系统性维度。

Aristotle discusses the operation mode of auditory system in De-Anima II.8.The auditory system is a non additive emergent whole,which is composed of three basic elements;first,sound,which is produced by the impact of objects in an appropriate way;second,as an intermediary of sound transmission,it is composed of air or water with resonance;and finally,the auditory organ,including not only the external ear,but also the air inside the ear.These three elements of hearing lay a foundation for each other,making auditory activity a logical system.However,due to the fuzziness and polysemy of De Anima,there are multiple difficulties in understanding the three basic elements of Aristotle’s auditory theory,which also appear as a hierarchical logical system.By solving these problems one by one,we can understand the systematic dimension of Aristotle’s auditory theory.