“公司+合作社+农户”型供应链竞争与结构研究

Research on the Competition and Structure of“Company&Cooperative&Farmer”Supply Chain

我国农产品供应链中存在小农户分散经营,质量安全管理困难,农民专业合作社品牌意识薄弱等问题。本文建立了一个“公司+合作社+农户”型三级农产品供应链模型,公司是占主导地位的零售商。分析区域内横向成员水平竞争和上下游成员间垂直竞争对农产品供应链各级成员收益的影响。结果表明:当合作社之间以及公司之间均存在水平竞争时,农户境况得到改善。以兼顾合作社益贫性的普惠、供应链帕累托改进和运作效率最优为目标,提出供应链最优成员结构。结果表明当供应链由少数零售商、适当规模合作社和多数农户构成时,能同时实现供应链效率最优和帕累托改进,也能使合作社的益贫性惠及更多农户。

There are many problems in the agricultural products supply chain in China,such as scattered farmers,numerous farmers professional cooperatives,abuse of regional public brands,and loss of farmers’interests.This paper establishes a three-tier agricultural product supply chain model of“company&cooperative&farmer”.The company is the dominant retailer.This paper explores the effects of horizontal competition and vertical competition between upstream and downstream members on the benefits of members at all tiers of agricultural supply chain.The results show that when there is horizontal competition between cooperatives and between companies,the situation of farmers is improved.With the goal of taking the“pro-poor”of the cooperatives,the Pareto improvement of supply chain and the optimal operation efficiency into account,the optimal membership structure of the supply chain is proposed.The results show that when the supply chain is composed of a small number of retailers,appropriate-scale cooperatives and most farmers,it can simultaneously achieve optimal supply chain efficiency and Pareto improvement,and also maximize the cooperative’s“pro-poor”benefits to farmers.