软法治理与“一带一路”法治化和全球化

Globalization and Governance of the Belt and Road Initiative:A SoftLaw Approach

法治化是高质量共建“一带一路”的内在要求和显著标识。以软法思路推动“一带一路”,是中华文明对现代国际法治的重要贡献。共建“一带一路”倡议自2013年提出以来,遵循以软法为主体和特色的治理思路。本文在“一带一路”软法治理实践基础上,主张“一带一路”软法体系应由参与主体、业务标准、争端解决三大板块组成。其中“参与主体”涵盖双边、多边、多利益相关方、单边等四个类别,“业务标准”涵盖债务可持续、环境可持续、廉洁丝路等三个领域,“争端解决”指与传统纠纷解决机制并行的多元化纠纷解决机制。“一带一路”治理体系以软法为主,但并不排斥硬法。为了进一步提升“一带一路”的法治化和全球化水平,应深化“一带一路”与现行国际秩序的兼容互济关系,推动“一带一路”符合高且可行的标准,并就“一带一路”多边机制化作出新的探索。

Rule of law is a hallmark of high-quality Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),as well as a major safeguard thereof.The BRI has been revealing an approach of soft law in governance since its very debut in 2013,and such an approach is a major contribution of the Chinese civilization to international rule of law.Neatly organized under the BRI legal framework,hundreds of soft-law documents are categorized largely into three sectors:entity law,operational standards,and dispute settlement mechanism.Respectively and specifically,entity law contains bilateral,multilateral,multi-stakeholder agreements,as well as China’s unilateral position papers;operational standards are divided into three sub-sectors—debt sustainability,environmental sustainability,and the clean Silk Road;and dispute settlement refers to China’s endeavor to build a one-stop diversified settlement mechanism of international commercial disputes,in parallel with the traditional mechanism.This BRI legal framework is inclusive of hard law.In a bid to further progress in the rule of law and globalization,the BRI should enhance the dynamic interplay with traditional international institutions,promote high and feasible standards,and institutionalize its multilateral governance structure.