乳酸菌全基因组测序的应用进展

Application Progress of Lactic Acid Bacteria Whole Genome Sequencing

乳酸菌在自然界中广泛存在,具有丰富的物种多样性,在食品、饲料和医药等领域广泛应用,目前市场上绝大多数的益生菌都是乳酸菌。近年来,全基因组测序技术蓬勃发展,大大促进了乳酸菌资源的开发与应用。基于乳酸菌的全基因组信息可以系统且全面地了解菌株的代谢特征、潜在的益生功能与应用方向,可以更加准确地探究乳酸菌的遗传、进化和分类。乳酸菌安全性评价程序要求在基因组水平检索是否存在耐药、毒力和致病性相关基因,并判定相关基因是否可水平转移。应用全基因组测序技术,比较不同代次菌株基因组中基因序列和结构差异,可高效、完整地判定乳酸菌在产业化应用过程中的遗传性和稳定性。在全基因组信息基础上,重构基因组规模代谢网络模型,可模拟并预测菌体细胞在特定环境下的行为,能系统地指导菌株的代谢工程策略。本文对全基因组测序技术在乳酸菌代谢特性、遗传进化、安全性和稳定性方面的应用现状进行了综述,旨在为乳酸菌基因组学研究提供理论支持。

Lactic acid bacteria are widespread in nature,with rich species diversity,and are widely used in the food,feed and clinical medicine.Currently,the majority of probiotics are lactic acid bacteria.Recently,the whole-genome sequencing is booming,which has greatly promoted the development and application of LAB.Based on the whole genome information of lactic acid bacteria,it can systematically and comprehensively understand the metabolic characteristics,potential probiotic functions and application directions of strains,and can more accurately explore the inheritance,evolution and classification of lactic acid bacteria.The safety evaluation procedure of lactic acid bacteria requires searching whether there are genes related to drug resistance,virulence,and pathogen at the genome level,and determining whether the related genes can be transferred horizontally.It can efficiently and completely determine the genetic stability of lactic acid bacteria in the process of industrial application,using whole-genome sequencing technology to compare the differences of genomes of different generations strains.Reconstruction of the genome-scale metabolic network model can predict the behavior of organisms under specific conditions and systematically guide metabolic engineering of microbial.This article reviews the application status of whole-genome sequencing in metabolic characteristics,genetic,evolution,safety and stability of lactic acid bacteria,aiming to provide theoretical support for the genome of lactic acid bacteria.