三种食用菌多糖的基本结构与抗氧化活性研究

Study on Basic Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Three Edible Fungi

通过水提醇沉法提取香菇、黑木耳和红托竹荪的边角废料菌托中的多糖,并用Sevag试剂和透析法分离纯化,得到三种食用菌多糖。采用紫外分光光度计、高效凝胶渗透色谱法(high performance gel permeation chromatography,HPGPC)、红外光谱法(infrared spectroscopy,IR)、核磁共振波谱法(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)和刚果红实验分析三种食用菌多糖的分子量、官能团、糖苷键和三螺旋结构。将清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine free radical,DPPH·)和羟基自由基(Hydroxyl free radicals,OH·)的能力及Fe3+总还原力来判断三种食用菌多糖抗氧化能力,比较分析三种食用菌的基本结构和抗氧化活性。结果显示,制备的三种食用菌多糖都具有较好的均一性,分子量分布在万级和百万级。三种食用菌多糖含有相似的官能团,是既具有α构型又具有β构型的酸性多糖,且均具有三螺旋结构。此外,三种食用菌多糖在实验浓度范围内,均具有良好的抗氧化活性。其中红托竹荪菌托多糖在1.0 mg/mL浓度时对DPPH和在3.0 mg/mL浓度时对OH自由基的清除能力优于香菇和黑木耳多糖,高达66.86%和35.69%,对DPPH和OH自由基的清除能力IC50值分别为0.010和0.195 mg/mL。综上,三种食用菌多糖的基本结构无显著性差异,但抗氧化活性差异较大,为工业化生产利用红托竹荪边角废料提取食用菌多糖奠定基础。

In this study,polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes,Auricularia auricula and the waste from the corners of Dictyophora rubrovolvata were extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation,and separated and purified by Sevag reagent and dialysis.The molecular weight,functional groups,glycosidic bond and three helix structure of three edible fungi polysaccharides were analyzed by ultraviolet spectrophotometer,high performance gel permeation chromatography(HPGPC),infrared spectroscopy(IR),nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR)and Congo red experiment.The antioxidant capacity of polysaccharides from three edible fungi was evaluated by scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine free radical(DPPH·)and hydroxyl free radicals(OH·)and the total reducing power of Fe^(3+),and the basic structure and antioxidant activity of the three edible fungi were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the three edible fungus polysaccharides had good homogeneity,and the molecular weight distribution was in the order of tens of thousands and millions.The three edible fungus polysaccharides contained similar functional groups,which were the acidic polysaccharides with configuration bothαandβ,and all of them had triple helix structure.In addition,the three edible fungus polysaccharides had good antioxidant activity in the range of experimental concentration.When the concentration was 1.0 and 3.0 mg/mL,the DPPH and OH radical scavenging ability of Dictyophora rubrovolvata polysaccharide was better than that of Lentinus edodes and Auricularia auricula polysaccharide,up to 66.86%and 35.69%,their IC50 value were 0.010 and 0.195 mg/mL.In conclusion,there was no significant difference in the basic structure of polysaccharides from the three kinds of edible fungi,but there was a great difference in antioxidant activities,which laid a foundation for industrial production of extracting edible fungi polysaccharides from the waste of Dictyophora rubrovolvata.