母职策略:城市中产女性孕产期的母职实践

Strategies for Motherhood:Urban Middle-class Women’s Motherhood Practice during Pregnancy and Childbirth

随着中国经济的发展和长期以来的低生育率,城市中产阶层家庭的养育从粗放型向精细型过渡。女性作为家庭生儿育女的主角,其母职实践充满了策略性。本文基于深度访谈材料,分析了城市中产阶层女性在孕产期的母职实践,包括个人层面的心理母职和物质母职、医疗层面的达成母职以及家庭关系层面的延展母职。城市中产阶层女性通过个人所掌握的物质、知识、人力资源来调和个人、医疗技术和家庭的关系,在注重自身心理成长、知识学习、身体体验和夫妻关系的同时,达成对母亲角色和对母职的理解,形成了具有中产阶层特点的“层级化生殖”。总体而言,当下城市中产阶层女性孕产期的母职策略表现出现代理性、消费性以及阶层性等特征。

With the development of China’s economy and the low fertility rate for a long time,the parenting of urban middle-class families has transitioned from extensive to refined.As the protagonist of the family’s childbirth,women’s motherhood practice is full of strategies.Based on in-depth interview materials,this article analyzes the motherhood practice of urban middle-class women during pregnancy and childbirth,including psychological motherhood and material motherhood at the personal level,attainment of motherhood at the medical level,and extensive motherhood at the family relationship level.Middle-class women reconcile the relationship among individuals,medical technology,and family through the material,knowledge,and human resources they possess.While paying attention to their own psychological growth,knowledge learning,physical experience,and husband and wife relationship,they complete the achievement of the role of mother and the understanding of motherhood,forming a“stratified reproduction”with middle-class characteristics.Generally speaking,the maternity strategies of the current middle-class women during pregnancy and childbirth show several characteristics such as modern rationality,consumption,and class.